1,199 research outputs found
Shell model Monte Carlo calculations for Dy-170
We present the first auxiliary field Monte Carlo calculations for a rare
earth nucleus, Dy-170. A pairing plus quadrupole Hamiltonian is used to
demonstrate the physical properties that can be studied in this region. We
calculate various static observables for both uncranked and cranked systems and
show how the shape distribution evolves with temperature. We also introduce a
discretization of the path integral that allows a more efficient Monte Carlo
sampling.Comment: 11 pages, figures available upon request, Caltech Preprint No.
MAP-16
Pairing correlations in N~Z pf-shell nuclei
We perform Shell Model Monte Carlo calculations to study pair correlations in
the ground states of nuclei with masses A=48-60. We find that ,
proton-neutron correlations play an important, and even dominant
role, in the ground states of odd-odd nuclei, in agreement with
experiment. By studying pairing in the ground states of Fe, we
observe that the isovector proton-neutron correlations decrease rapidly with
increasing neutron excess. In contrast, both the proton, and trivially the
neutron correlations increase as neutrons are added.
We also study the thermal properties and the temperature dependence of pair
correlations for Mn and Fe as exemplars of odd-odd and even-even
nuclei. While for Fe results are similar to those obtained for
other even-even nuclei in this mass range, the properties of Mn at low
temperatures are strongly influenced by isovector neutron-proton pairing. In
coexistence with these isovector pair correlations, our calculations also
indicate an excess of isoscalar proton-neutron pairing over the mean-field
values. The isovector neutron-proton correlations rapidly decrease with
temperatures and vanish for temperatures above keV, while the isovector
correlations among like nucleons persist to higher temperatures. Related to the
quenching of the isovector proton-neutron correlations, the average isospin
decreases from 1, appropriate for the ground state, to 0 as the temperature
increases
Density functional theory of phase coexistence in weakly polydisperse fluids
The recently proposed universal relations between the moments of the
polydispersity distributions of a phase-separated weakly polydisperse system
are analyzed in detail using the numerical results obtained by solving a simple
density functional theory of a polydisperse fluid. It is shown that universal
properties are the exception rather than the rule.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in PR
Theory of Melting and the Optical Properties of Gold/DNA Nanocomposites
We describe a simple model for the melting and optical properties of a
DNA/gold nanoparticle aggregate. The optical properties at fixed wavelength
change dramatically at the melting transition, which is found to be higher and
narrower in temperature for larger particles, and much sharper than that of an
isolated DNA link. All these features are in agreement with available
experiments. The aggregate is modeled as a cluster of gold nanoparticles on a
periodic lattice connected by DNA bonds, and the extinction coefficient is
computed using the discrete dipole approximation. Melting takes place as an
increasing number of these bonds break with increasing temperature. The melting
temperature corresponds approximately to the bond percolation threshold.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure. To be published in Phys. Rev.
Dynamics of Excited Electrons in Copper and Ferromagnetic Transition Metals: Theory and Experiment
Both theoretical and experimental results for the dynamics of photoexcited
electrons at surfaces of Cu and the ferromagnetic transition metals Fe, Co, and
Ni are presented. A model for the dynamics of excited electrons is developed,
which is based on the Boltzmann equation and includes effects of
photoexcitation, electron-electron scattering, secondary electrons (cascade and
Auger electrons), and transport of excited carriers out of the detection
region. From this we determine the time-resolved two-photon photoemission
(TR-2PPE). Thus a direct comparison of calculated relaxation times with
experimental results by means of TR-2PPE becomes possible. The comparison
indicates that the magnitudes of the spin-averaged relaxation time \tau and of
the ratio \tau_\uparrow/\tau_\downarrow of majority and minority relaxation
times for the different ferromagnetic transition metals result not only from
density-of-states effects, but also from different Coulomb matrix elements M.
Taking M_Fe > M_Cu > M_Ni = M_Co we get reasonable agreement with experiments.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, added a figure and an appendix, updated
reference
Scattering mechanism in a step-modulated subwavelength metal slit: a multi-mode multi-reflection analysis
In this paper, the scattering/transmission inside a step-modulated
subwavelength metal slit is investigated in detail. We firstly investigate the
scattering in a junction structure by two types of structural changes. The
variation of transmission and reflection coefficients depending on structural
parameters are analyzed. Then a multi-mode multi-reflection model based on ray
theory is proposed to illustrate the transmission in the step-modulated slit
explicitly. The key parts of this model are the multi-mode excitation and the
superposition procedure of the scatterings from all possible modes, which
represent the interference and energy transfer happened at interfaces. The
method we use is an improved modal expansion method (MEM), which is a more
practical and efficient version compared with the previous one [Opt. Express
19, 10073 (2011)]. In addition, some commonly used methods, FDTD, scattering
matrix method, and improved characteristic impedance method, are compared with
MEM to highlight the preciseness of these methods.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure
Mass-renormalized electronic excitations at (, 0) in the superconducting state of
Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on
, we have made the first observation of a
mass renormalization or "kink" in the E vs. dispersion relation
localized near . Compared to the kink observed along the nodal
direction, this new effect is clearly stronger, appears at a lower energy near
40 meV, and is only present in the superconducting state. The kink energy scale
defines a cutoff below which well-defined quasiparticle excitations occur. This
effect is likely due to coupling to a bosonic excitation, with the most
plausible candidate being the magnetic resonance mode observed in inelastic
neutron scattering
Are Labour Markets Necessarily Local? Spatiality, Segmentation and Scale
This paper draws on recent debates about scale to approach the geography of labour markets from a dynamic perspective sensitive to the spatiality and scale of labour market
restructuring. Its exploration of labour market reconfigurations after the collapse of a major firm (Ansett Airlines) raises questions about geography’s faith in the inherently ‘local’ constitution of labour markets. Through an examination of the job reallocation process after redundancy, the paper suggests that multiple labour markets use and articulate scale in different ways. It argues that labour market rescaling processes are enacted at the critical moment of recruitment, where social networks, personal aspirations and employer preferences combine to shape workers’ destinations
Histogram Monte Carlo study of multicritical behavior in the hexagonal easy-axis Heisenberg antiferromagnet
The results of a detailed histogram Monte-Carlo study of critical-fluctuation
effects on the magnetic-field temperature phase diagram associated with the
hexagonal Heisenberg antiferromagnet with weak axial anisotropy are reported.
The multiphase point where three lines of continuous transitions merge at the
spin-flop boundary exhibits a structure consistent with scaling theory but
without the usual umbilicus as found in the case of a bicritical point.Comment: 7 pages (RevTex 3.0), 1 figure available upon request, CRPS-93-1
Tunable variation of optical properties of polymer capped gold nanoparticles
Optical properties of polymer capped gold nanoparticles of various sizes
(diameter 3-6 nm) have been studied. We present a new scheme to extract size
dependent variation of total dielectric function of gold nanoparticles from
measured UV-Vis absorption data. The new scheme can also be used, in principle,
for other related systems as well. We show how quantum effect, surface atomic
co - ordination and polymer - nanoparticle interface morphology leads to a
systematic variation in inter band part of the dielectric function of gold
nanoparticles, obtained from the analysis using our new scheme. Careful
analysis enables identification of the possible changes to the electronic band
structure in such nanoparticles.Comment: 13 pages,7 figures, 1 tabl
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