Sindbis virus infects specific gut cells for replication and dissemination from the posterior midgut of mosquitoes

Abstract Sindbis virus (SINV), a member of the genus Alphavirus, is the protype virus used to gain insight into other disease-causing Alphaviruses. As a mosquito-borne-virus (arbovirus), SINV transit in adult female mosquitoes includes attachment to the gut lumen and entry into the midgut cells, followed by replication and dissemination into the hemolymph through yet unknown specific mechanisms. Free-mated adult females, aged day 5-7, were fed a viremic bovine blood suspension via blood sausage at a final SINV titer at 107 PFU/ml. Midguts from fully engorged mosquitoes were dissected on day 5 and 7 post-bloodmeal and further examined by immunolabeling using FMRFamide antibody against enteroendocrine cells (EC). The results were investigated via confocal microscopy and distribution of SINV and ECs were documented. Oral infection of mosquitoes with SINV-TaV-eGFP led to GFP expression along the basal aspect of the posterior midgut (PMG) epithelial monolayer as early as day 5 p.i., persistent infection and dissemination of the virus was observed on day 30 p.i. following viremic blood feeding. ECs were observed along the entire length of the midgut with majority of ECs concentrated in the posterior midgut region. Additionally, our results demonstrated that SINV could indeed infect ECs and the accumulations of SINV associated GFP fluorescence coincided with these cells. Here we propose that ECs, positioned along the basal plasma membrane of the PMG, are involved in SINV dissemination pathway. Due to unique roles that ECs have in the exocytosis of secretory granules from the MG, these cells might serve as a gateway for virus entry into the host hemolymph. These findings suggest that midgut ECs are integral to arbovirus infection, dissemination, and availability for transmission

Uji Potensi Daun Muda Sungkai (Peronema Canescens) Untuk Kesehatan (Imunitas) Pada Mencit (Mus.muculus)

- In Lembak delapan Tribes traditional medicine, water decoction of the Sungkai leaves is used for raw material fever-lowering drugs (antipyretics), to maintain good health, and for malaria drug. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the infusion of leaves P. canescens to maintain goodhelth (immunity) in mice (Mus muculus). The Young leaves of Sungkai (P.canensces) was extracted by maceration method using 96% alcohol solvent. This study used 25 male mice strain Swiss Webster with 7-8 weeks old, with a body weight ranging from 30 g. At the immunity test, mice were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (negative control) were given distilled water, group 2 (positive control) was given imunos 0.07 mg / kg bw, for the three treatment groups were given of the extract dose of 0.186 mg Sungkai / Kg mm, 0.375 mg / kg bw, and 0, 5625 mg / kg bw. Treatment with one gavage, with a span of 24 hours. After the calculation is done by taking a blood leukocytes from mice tail. Data were analyzed using ANOVA tables and followed by LSD test. The results showed that the Immunity test dose of the most effective in helping the immune system with a dose of 0.567 mg Sungkai extract / kg bw, tends to increase by 36% leukocytes, better than than the comparator dose (imunos) leukosit only increase the amount by 23%

Design of Stocking Density of Broilers for Closed House in Wet Tropical Climates

The objectives of this research were to: 1) design the stocking density of broiler reared at a closed house system in wet tropical climates based on the heat released by broiler, 2) design broiler harvesting system based on the housing heat load, and 3) design required housing area based on the broiler age. The housing design used to determine the broiler stocking density was based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Solid Works Flow Simulation software. The method had good validation shown by small number of average percentage of deviation (6.07%). Simulation was carried out by changing the number of broilers i.e. 16, 18, 20, 21 and 22 birds/m2. According to the CFD simulation result, total heat load inside the house was 233.33 kW at 21 birds/m2 at weight 1.65 kg/bird. At that stocking density the housing can be occupied by 27,224 birds until 22 days of age. The highest total weight was produced by daily harvesting started from 22 to 32 d. It can be concluded that the stocking density of closed house for broiler is 34.65 kg/m2, total production is 45,717 kg per period and the required area for 27,224 broilers is 248.63 m2 (1 to 7 days of age broiler), 562.52 m2 (8 to 14 days of age broiler) and 1,000 m2 (15 to 22 days of age broiler)

Gambaran Hemoragic Post Partum pada Ibu Bersalin dengan Kejadian Anemia di Ruang Ponek RSUD Kabupaten Jombang

Perdarahan postpartum adalah perdarahan lebih dari 500cc yang terjadi setelah bayi lahir pervaginam atau lebih dari 500-600 ml setelah prsalinan abdominal, jumlah perdarahan disebutkan sebagai perdarahan yang lebih dari normal. Akan tetapi kehilangan darah sekalipun dengan jumlah yang lebih kecil dapat menimbulkan akibat yang berbahaya pada wanita yang anemis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran hemoragic postpartum pada ibu bersalin dengan kejadian anemia di Ruang Ponek RSUD Kabupaten Jombang tahun 2014.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 12 sampai 15 maret 2014 di ruang ponek RSUD kabupaten Jombang, data ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil pada bulan januari-februari terdapat populasi sebanyak 352 ibu bersalin jumlah sampel sebayak 42 ibu bersalin, Pada penelitian ini menggunakan Simple Random Samplingdimana penelitian ini terdapat satu variabel yaitu gambaran hemoragic postpartum dengan kejadian anemia. Analisa yang di gunakan adalah Univariat, yaitu menganalisis tiap-tiap variebel penelitian yang ada secara deskriptifHasil penelitian didapatkan ibu bersalin yang mengalami hemoragic postpartum sebanyak 23 responden (55%) dan yang mengalami hemoragic postpartum dengan anemia sebanyak 21 responden (50%),yg tdk anemia sebanyak 2 responden (9,5)Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin yang mengalami HPP sebagian besar 23 responden dan yang mengalami HPP dengan anemia sebagian besar 21 responden disebabkan krena sebagian besar responden adalah multipara dan dari hasil penelitian ada hubungan antara HPP pada ibu bersalin dengan kejadian anemia di RSUD Kabupaten Jombang

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Imunisasi Dasar Denganstatus Kelengkapan Imunisasi di Posyandudesa Nglele Kec. Sumobito Kab. Jombang

Menurut WHO imunisasi telah terbukti sebagai salah satu upaya kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat penting. Program imunisasi telah menunjukan keberhasilan yang luar biasa dan merupakan USAha yang sangat hemat biaya dalam mencegah penyakit menular. Sejak penetapan The Expended Program oleh WHO, cakupan imunisasi dasar anak dari 50% mendekati 80% diseluruh dunia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dasar dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi di posyandu Desa Nglele Kec. Sumobito Kab. Jombang.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-11 bulan di posyandu Desa Ngelele Kec. Sumobito Kab. Jombang dengan cara probability sampling dengan pendekatan simple random sampling (acak). Jumlah sampel ada 26 responden yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 1 Agustus - 15 september 2013. Selanjutnya uji data dan analisa data menggunakan uji statistik SPSS “U Mann Whitney “ dengan tingkat signifikasi α < 0,05.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 61,5% berpengetahuan baik tentang imunisasi dasar dan 65,4% menunjukkan status kelengkapan imunisasi dasar yang lengkap di posyandu. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh hasil korelasi p = 0,002 < 0,05 H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang artinya ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dasar dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi.Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah terdapat ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dasar dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi di posyandu

Pengaruh Pemberian Kompres Air Hangat terhadap Rasa Nyaman dalam Proses Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif

Warm water compress is a common treatment to comfort women during labor reducing pain. The e treatment is done by pressing a pad of absorbent filled with warm water to the waist area of the patient laying with right or left lateral position for 20 minutes. This experiment aims to determine the effect of warm water compress treatment in stimulating comfort for the patient during the first stage of labor active phase. The experiment was conducted in BPM Etty Suparti Ningsih Zubaidah village Mentoro Kecamatan Sumobito, Kabupaten Jombang, from March to May of 2012. A Quasy Experimental Design was applied with Non Equivalent Control Group A number of 8 respondents were observed with consecutive sampling technique. The experimental resulth of 3 generatel a lefel of comfort for the patient control group, while the faction who are traeted great the comfort level of 5 patients. The experiment resulted the z – value = - 2, 049 ( Mann – Whitney test with < Z table with Asymp sig: 0.04). It can be concluded that the warm water compress treatment stimulated comfort for the patients during the first stage of labor active phase

Pengaruh Iklim Mikro Terhadap Respons Fisiologis Sapi Peranakan Fries Holland Dan Modifikasi Lingkungan Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitasnya (ULASAN)

Most of Holstein in Indonesia were imported from European countries which have temperate climate (13-25 0C). If those Holstein were kept under high temperature and high humidity and exposed to direct solar radiation, the cattles would be experienced with heat stress, resulted in decreasing appetite, increased water intake, decreased metabolism, increased catabolism, increased heat loss through evaporation, decreased hormone concentration in blood, increased body temperature, increased respiration and heart rate and behavioral changes. To reduce the heat stress can be achieved by environment modification, such as type of animal house construction, type of roof material selected for animal house and determination of animal housing height. The improvement of environmental condition was gained for maintaining the animal heat balance in steady state, due to reducing the thermoregulatory responses (i.e heart rate, respiration rate and mean body temperature). Controlling the heat stressed animals to lower thermoregulatory activities will improve their productivity

Pengaruh Pemberian Asuhan Sayang Ibu Bersalin terhadap Lama Persalinan Kala II Primipara

Asuhan sayang ibu sebagai salah satu aspek dari 5 benang merah sangat membantu ibu agar merasa aman dan nyaman selama proses persalinan

Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Bersalin Tentang Rangsangan Puting Susu pada Saat Proses Persalinan

Rangsangan yang diberikan pada puting susu pada saat persalinan bisa membantu kelancaran proses persalinan, kegunaannya sebagai alternatif oksitosin pada tes stress kontraksi dan efektifitasnya dalam melunakkan servik dan menginduksi persalinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu bersalin tentang rangsangan puting susu pada saat proses persalinan di BPM Umi Salamah Desa Peterongan Jombang tahun 2013.Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian survey.Sampelnya diambil dari keseluruhan populasi berjumlah 20 orang. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tekhnik non random sampling dengan jenis total sampling. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus P = F/N dengan kriteria baik, cukup dan kurang.Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan ibu bersalin tentang rangsangan puting susu pada saat proses persalinan dengan kriteria cukup sebanyak 11 orang ( 55% ), baik 7 orang ( 35% ), kurang 2 orang ( 10% ). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat pengetahuan ibu bersalin tentang rangsangan puting susu pada saat proses persalinan adalah cukup.Tenaga kesehatan hendaknya selalu aktif turut berperan serta dalam memberikan penyuluhan atau informasi kesehatan kepada klien dan berusaha untuk lebih meningkatkan lagi pengetahuan atau informasi terbaru tentang rangsangan puting susu. Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, rangsangan puting susu, proses persalinan, ibu bersalin