3,354 research outputs found
Multinationals, Social Agency and Institutional Change; Variation by Sector
This is the accepted manuscript version of the following article: Mike Geppert and Graham Hollinshead, âEditorial: Multinationals, Social Agency and Institutional Change; Variation by Sectorâ, Competition and Change, Vol 18(3): 195-199, June 2014. The final, definitive version of this paper has been published is available online via doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1024529414Z.00000000056 Published by SAGE Publishing. All rights reserved. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014Multinational corporations (MNCs) operate at a crossroads of countervailing influences, While headquarters are typically embedded in the institutional settings of their home country, subsidiaries tend to internalize regulative and cognitive frames in their own national and regional contexts. MNCs now frequently assume highly diffuse global structures, operating across regionally dispersed horizontal and vertical networks, thereby exposing them to a global mosaic of societal, institutional and socio- economic influences. Moreover, MNCs are subjected to regulative effects emanating from transnational regulationPeer reviewe
R. M. Johnston's memoranda relating to the fishes of Tasmania.
Gilbert P. Whitley was the Ichthyologist, Australian Museum, Sydney.
(Communicated by L. F. Giblin.)
(Read 13th August, 1928.) Thanks to the kindly interest of Professor T. T. Flynn,
I have been allowed to examine and report upon an interesting
note-book inscribed "Memoranda relating to the Fishes
of Tasmania examined by Robt. M. Johnston." This is an
old exercise book, bebnging to the library of the University of
Tasmania, which contains the original notes from which
Robert Mackenzie Johnston wrote his invaluable paper, entitled: "General and Critical Observations on the Fishes of Tasmania; with a Classified Catalogue of all the known "species" and is especially important because some sketches therein illustrate the types of Johnston's new species which have not been figured in scientific publications. Johnston's notes are mostly still legible and many are
transcribed in this paper. Additions and annotations
as have been thought advisable are enclosed in square
brackets to distinguish them from Johnston's actual notes.
I have brought the nomenclature of the species up to date,
whilst including the original identifications. References to
literature have been added and the notes arranged in an
order more in conformity with modern classifications
Letter from John P. Whitley to John Muir, 1882 May 22.
[letterhead] New York, May 22. 1881 46. E. 25th Street. New YorkDear Sir.After [illegible] your charming paper on the Bee fields of California in the June issue of the â[illegible],â I feel constrained to intrude upon your courtesy in so far as to ask whether you can make an appointment [illegible] the day or in the evening to meet me at my house 46. East 25th St. or else where as I am about leaving with some friendsfor California in a week and I should be exceedingly gratified at an opportunity of conversing with you, previous to our departure.I am, yours faithfully John R [Whitley?]. John Muir Esq0107
Advancing understanding on industrial relations in multinational companies: key research challenges and the INTREPID contribution
peer-reviewedThis paper has three principal aims. It firstly provides some theoretical background on
the key current research issues and challenges in regard to industrial relations in multinational
companies. It then presents a concise review of scholarship to date on industrial
relations in multinational companies using INTREPID (Investigation of Transnationals Employment Practices: an International Database) data. Finally, the paper identifies some of
the main industrial relations issues that remain to be addressed, in effect charting a form
of research agenda for future work using the INTREPID data, with particular focus on
the potential contribution from âlate joinersâ to the INTREPID project.ACCEPTEDpeer-reviewe
Radon exposure and cancers other than lung cancer in Swedish iron miners.
Data are presented on the risks of cancers other than lung cancer in a cohort of iron miners from northern Sweden occupationally exposed to elevated levels of the radioactive gas radon. Compared with rates for the four northernmost counties of Sweden, mortality was increased for all cancers other than lung cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.41), stomach cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.98), and rectal cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.31). Despite these overall increases, mortality was not significantly associated with cumulative exposure to radon, either for all cancers other than lung cancer or for any site of cancer other than lung cancer individually. However, the data from this cohort on its own have limited power; and for several sites of cancer the data in this study would be consistent with a radon-related increase. Further study of cancers other than lung cancer in populations exposed to radon is required
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Privacy & security in the Cloud
Privacy and security issues are frequently presented as major inhibitors of cloud adoption. Some of these are operational issues and others relate to regulatory and compliance requirements that vary by industry and location. There is a growing body of guidance that seeks to clarify the implications of these concerns for various parts of the cloud supply chain. This paper provides a review of the business and legal risks associated with cloud computing and critically reviews the guidance available. It pays particular attention to the implications of the PRISM revelations for the development of a cloud marketplace that aims to keep data private and secure. A number of responses to cloud risks are available, including technological fixes and business responses. Each response has its own costs and requirements in terms of organisational capability and the paper evaluates the various responses that potential cloud adopters can use to manage the risks associated with cloud computing
NASA Human Spaceflight Architecture Team Lunar Destination Activities
NASA's Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) Lunar Destination Team has been developing a number of "Design Reference Missions" (DRM) to inform exploration architecture development, transportation approaches, and destination elements and operations. There are four destinations being considered in the HAT studies: Cis-Lunar, Lunar, Near Earth Asteroids and Mars. The lunar destination includes all activities that occur on the moon itself, but not low lunar orbit operations or Earth Moon LaGrange points which are the responsibility of the HAT Cis-Lunar Team. This paper will review the various surface DRMs developed as representative scenarios that could occur in a human lunar return. The approaches have been divided into two broad categories: a seven day short stay mission with global capabilities and a longer extended duration stay of 28 days which is limited to the lunar poles as a landing zone. The surface elements, trade studies, traverses, concept of operations and other relevant issues and methodologies will be presented and discussed in the context and framework of the HAT ground rules and assumptions which are constrained by NASA's available transportation systems. An international collaborative effort based on the 2011 Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) will also be examined and evaluated
Linking Search Space Structure, Run-Time Dynamics, and Problem Difficulty: A Step Toward Demystifying Tabu Search
Tabu search is one of the most effective heuristics for locating high-quality
solutions to a diverse array of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.
Despite the widespread success of tabu search, researchers have a poor
understanding of many key theoretical aspects of this algorithm, including
models of the high-level run-time dynamics and identification of those search
space features that influence problem difficulty. We consider these questions
in the context of the job-shop scheduling problem (JSP), a domain where tabu
search algorithms have been shown to be remarkably effective. Previously, we
demonstrated that the mean distance between random local optima and the nearest
optimal solution is highly correlated with problem difficulty for a well-known
tabu search algorithm for the JSP introduced by Taillard. In this paper, we
discuss various shortcomings of this measure and develop a new model of problem
difficulty that corrects these deficiencies. We show that Taillards algorithm
can be modeled with high fidelity as a simple variant of a straightforward
random walk. The random walk model accounts for nearly all of the variability
in the cost required to locate both optimal and sub-optimal solutions to random
JSPs, and provides an explanation for differences in the difficulty of random
versus structured JSPs. Finally, we discuss and empirically substantiate two
novel predictions regarding tabu search algorithm behavior. First, the method
for constructing the initial solution is highly unlikely to impact the
performance of tabu search. Second, tabu tenure should be selected to be as
small as possible while simultaneously avoiding search stagnation; values
larger than necessary lead to significant degradations in performance
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Psychological Strengths and the Perception of Bullying in Early Adolescents in Schools
This study explored the association between psychological strengths and perceptions of being a victim of a bullying relationship in the school environment. Using self-report questionnaires with grades 7 and 8 students, the role of psychological strengths as potential protective factors against various forms of bullying were examined including the patterns of strengths associated with the bullying experience. The results showed no significant association between global indices of strengths and perceptions of victimization. However, significant relationships did emerge between specific strengths and victimization. Strengths in school functioning among boys but not girls and strengths in personality functioning for both sexes were associated with lower perceived victimization. In contrast, strengths in spiritual and cultural identification were associated with perceptions of increased victimization. The implications of these results for anti-bullying strategies are discussed.Cette étude a porté sur l'association entre les forces psychologiques et les perceptions d'être victime d'intimidation à l'école. En nous appuyant sur des questionnaires d'auto-évaluation auprès d'élèves en 7e et 8e année, nous avons examiné le rôle des forces psychologiques comme facteurs potentiels de protection contre diverses formes d'intimidation. L'étude a également porté sur les modèles de forces associés à l'expérience de l'intimidation. Les résultats n'ont indiqué aucune association entre les indices globaux de forces et les perceptions de l'intimidation. Toutefois, des relations significatives sont ressorties entre des forces spécifiques et l'intimidation. Des forces relatives à l'école chez les garçons mais pas les filles, et des forces relatives à la personnalité chez les garçons et les filles, étaient associées à une perception amoindrie de la victimisation. Par contre, des forces relatives à l'identification spirituelle et culturelle étaient associées à des perceptions accrues de victimisation. Nous discutons des répercussions de ces résultats sur les stratégies contre l'intimidation
Diet, smoking and lung cancer: a case-control study of 1000 cases and 1500 controls in South-West England
We have examined the relationship between diet and lung cancer in a caseâcontrol study of 982 cases of lung cancer and 1486 population controls in south-west England in which subjects were interviewed personally about their smoking habits and their consumption of foods and supplements rich in retinol or carotene. Analyses were performed for 15 dietary variables, including intake of pre-formed retinol and carotene. There were significant associations (P< 0.01) with lung cancer risk for 13 of the variables, eight of which remained after adjustment for smoking. When the 15 variables were considered simultaneously, independent significant associations remained for 5: pre-formed retinol (increased risk), and fish liver oil, vitamin pills, carrots and tomato sauce (decreased risk). It is unlikely that all five associations represent biological effects, or that they can all be explained by residual confounding by smoking, or by biases. We conclude that there is at least one as yet unidentified factor that is causally related to lung cancer risk and of considerable importance in terms of attributable risk in this population. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
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