Mercury or Mercury Free Restorations in Oral Cavity

Amalgam is basically a concoction of metals that has been used as a potent filling material in dentistry for the last 150 years. Amalgam usually consists of silver, mercury, tin and copper. Dental amalgam is a material used to fill cavities of tooth. Over the years, amalgam has become a topic of concern because it contains mercury. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal in the environment. Mercury exists as a liquid in room temperature but when heated, it becomes a gas. Flexibility of amalgam as a filling material is due Mercury. An alloy powder, a compound that is soft in nature when mixed with mercury makes it enough to mix and condense into the tooth. It hardens quickly and offers strong resistance to the forces of biting and chewing. There are studies reported on the safety of amalgam fillings. In 2005, European Union launched a comprehensive mercury strategy to reduce use of mercury. In 2008, countries like Norway and Denmark restricted the use of dental amalgam containing mercury. In 2009, this research was evaluated by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and found no rationale to limit the use of amalgam. There are certain restorative materials that are available commercially that are mercury free in nature like Gold, Porcelain, Gallium alloys, Composite resin restoratives etc. They offer many advantages over amalgams containing mercury like: seals the dentin from future decay, reinforces remaining tooth structure, provides smooth and bonded margins, conservative and it blends naturally

Study on Social Maturity of the Adolescent College Students in Colleges at Tiruchirappalli

Adolescence is the stage of development, which produces a number of social problems for a person. These problems arise out of adolescent adjustment with social group. The social group expects the individuals to be socially matured when he becomes an adolescent by establishing more mature relationship with age mates to achieve socially responsible behavior, develop intellectual skills and concepts necessary for civil competence and achieves autonomy. Thus, the social maturation allows detailed perception of social environment that help adolescent to influence the social circumstances and develop social patterns of social behavior. The researcher adopted descriptive research design, as the study focused on describing the characteristics of the population. The Researcher used ‘Multi Stage Random Sampling’ method (Bryman, A., 2004) to draw 300 respondents as samples from the universe. Social Maturity Scale by Dr.Nalini Rao (1986) was administered to study the level of social maturity and its influence on the gender, age and their achievement motivation of the respondents. The statistical analysis gives the inference that gender has a significant difference with overall social maturity and achievement motivation has a significant relation with overall social maturity of the respondents, while age has no significant relations with overall social maturity of the respondents. The researcher suggests few measures to enhance and mitigate certain ways to accommodate the desired social maturity of that particular that was reflected in full paper. Keywords: Social maturity, Adolescent College Students, Achievement Motivation

Short Communication: Effects of temperature on growth, pigment composition and protein content of an Antarctic Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

Tripathi R, Dhuldhaj UP, Singh S. 2012. Short Communication: Effects of temperature on growth, pigment composition and protein content of an Antarctic Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 134-137. Effect of temperature variation on biomass accumulation, pigment composition and protein content were studied for the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune, isolated from Antarctica. Results confirmed the psychrotrophic behavior (optimum growth temperature 25◦C) of the cyanobacterium. Low temperature increased the duration of lag phase and exponential growth phase. Maximum increase in biomass was recorded on 24th day at 25◦C and on 12th day at 50C. The downshift from 25 to 5◦C had almost negligible effect on chl a content. Maximal protein content was recorded for cultures growing at 50C on 12th day. The carotenoids/chl a ratio was maximum (2.48) at 50C on 9th day. It remained almost constant for cultures growing at 5 and 350C. There was an induction in protein synthesis following downshift in temperature from 25 to 5◦C

A Wide Multiband T-Slotted, Semicircular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A multifrequency semicircularmicrostrip antenna is designed and simulated in this paper using HFSS simulation software. The proposed antenna consists of two quarter rings in different radius with one as perfect ground and other as defect ground structure, with an inverted T-shaped slot. The relationship of the resonant frequency with different physical size parameters for the single one-quarter-ring microstrip antenna is also reported. This designed multiresonant antenna proves increase in bandwidth when defect ground is used as compared to normal or conventional ground plane. The simulation show that proposed designed antenna operates at six different frequencies of 1.7, 1.93, 2.3, 3.03, 3.57 and 3.67 GHz, respectively for normal ground whereas wide bandwidth of 500 MHz is achieved for 1.9 GHz operating frequency

Performance Improvement of Cloud Computing Data Centers Using Energy Efficient Task Scheduling Algorithms

Cloud computing is a technology that provides a platform for the sharing of resources such as software, infrastructure, application and other information. It brings a revolution in Information Technology industry by offering on-demand of resources. Clouds are basically virtualized datacenters and applications offered as services. Data center hosts hundreds or thousands of servers which comprised of software and hardware to respond the client request. A large amount of energy requires to perform the operation.. Cloud Computing is facing lot of challenges like Security of Data, Consumption of energy, Server Consolidation, etc. The research work focuses on the study of task scheduling management in a cloud environment. The main goal is to improve the performance (resource utilization and redeem the consumption of energy) in data centers. Energy-efficient scheduling of workloads helps to redeem the consumption of energy in data centers, thus helps in better USAge of resource. This is further reducing operational costs and provides benefits to the clients and also to cloud service provider. In this abstract of paper, the task scheduling in data centers have been compared. Cloudsim a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environment has been used to implement and demonstrate the experimental results. The results aimed at analyzing the energy consumed in data centers and shows that by having reduce the consumption of energy the cloud productivity can be improved

A Study on Research Methodology Training Programme as Perceived by the Post Graduate Social Science Students

The study was undertaken with the objectives of studying the end training programme effectiveness, to find out the overall assessment of the resource persons who handled various sessions and to understand the impact of the training programme after three months as post follow-up assessment. The researchers adopted descriptive research design for the present study. A Sample of 25 students (Post Graduate) was selected from four social science disciplines namely; Social Work, Commerce, Management Studies and History. The findings of the study revealed that a vast majority of the students(84%) expressed a high level of rating with regard to the training programme meeting their expectation, their comfort level in having their doubts clarified (82.4%), the quality of the training material provided (89.6%) and the support & logistics (86.4%) provided to them all throughout the training session. A very high level of rating was revealed by the students pertaining to the parameters on the duration (97.3%) & time given for each training session(97.3%), the food that was provided for the students who underwent  the training programme (93.6%)) and the hospitality rendered by supportive staff all throughout the training programme (93.6). It is found that a vast majority (92.8%) of the students were satisfied with the overall effectiveness of the training programme. The result of the overall assessment of the resource persons who handled various sessions revealed that they were effective (89.4%) in delivering their inputs. The Post follow-up that was collected from the students who attended the training programme after a period of three months revealed that a vast majority (85.6%) of the students acknowledged that they found the training programme to be of high value and satisfaction. Keywords: Research Methodology, Post follow u

Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers

The objective of this encyclopedia is to present the current state of scientific understanding of various aspects of earth’s cryosphere – snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost – and their related interdisciplinary connections under one umbrella. Therefore, every effort has been made to provide a comprehensive coverage of cryosphere by including a broad array of topics, such as the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; snowfall observations; snow cover and snow surveys; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; hydrochemical and isotopic properties; permafrost modeling; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; trends of glacier retreat on a global scale along with the impact of climate change; and many more quantitative estimates of various glacier parameters, such as degree-day, mass balance, extent and volume, and downwasting. Also included are articles on GPS application, and satellite image application in glaciology; GPR analysis; and sea level rise