Development of Corrugated Fiber Board Cartons for Long Distance Transport of Tomato in India

Tomato growers of Gujarat , north-west India , traditionally send produce to wholesale market in Ahmedabad city for auction. Growing areas lie about 250-300 km from the city. Growers were constrained to sell there even if the prices were not attractive which the case usually as season advanced was. Lack of sturdy packaging deterred them from sending produce to more distant markets such as Bombay ( 600 km ) , Delhi ( 900 km) or Bangalore ( 2000) . Peti, the box used presently, made of strips of wood nailed together does not protect the produce adequately. Although, there are many large packaging firms in the region producing boxes for various consumer products, problem of tomato growers was not recognized. Their view was that tomato being a low-value commodity, growers will not buy better packaging. Being mostly small, growers were not organized enough to raise funds to sponsor research at public R&D institutions in the area. That task was therefore taken up. Boxes that protected the produce better on long journey and were affordable were designed and introduced successfully in the region. This paper describes the development.

Co-expression networks in generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.

We developed an adenoviral vector, in which Yamanaka's four reprogramming factors (RFs) were controlled by individual CMV promoters in a single cassette (Ad-SOcMK). This permitted coordinated expression of RFs (SOX2, OCT3/4, c-MYC and KLF4) in a cell for a transient period of time, synchronizing the reprogramming process with the majority of transduced cells assuming induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-like characteristics as early as three days post-transduction. These reprogrammed cells resembled human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with regard to morphology, biomarker expression, and could be differentiated into cells of the germ layers in vitro and in vivo. These iPSC-like cells, however, failed to expand into larger iPSC colonies. The short and synchronized reprogramming process allowed us to study global transcription changes within short time intervals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified sixteen large gene co-expression modules, each including members of gene ontology categories involved in cell differentiation and development. In particular, the brown module contained a significant number of ESC marker genes, whereas the turquoise module contained cell-cycle-related genes that were downregulated in contrast to upregulation in human ESCs. Strong coordinated expression of all four RFs via adenoviral transduction may constrain stochastic processes and lead to silencing of genes important for cellular proliferation

A study on greater trochanter reconstruction in unstable inter trochanteric fracture of femur

Background: A study on greater trochanter reconstruction in unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture. Methods: The 2019 to 2022, Patients were randomly divided into two groups with the help of computer-generated coded envelopes; Group A (unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture patients treated by hemi-arthroplasty or PFN with greater trochanter reconstruction) and Group B (unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture Patients Treated by hemi-arthroplasty or PFN with no greater trochanter reconstruction) with 20 patients in each group Outcomes were evaluated based on Harris hip score calculated at 2 weeks 6 weeks 3 months and 6 months. Results: Most common surgery in study groups performed were PFN, on radiology as non-union and union, most common study participants show union, on follow up at 2,6 weeks,3 months and 6 months Harris hip score was calculated and it was found to be statistically significant suggestive of improved quality of life, on radiological evaluation all cases shows non-displacement of GT position but in follow-ups at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months one case each reported displaced implant. Conclusions: The result of our study shows that there is improved quality of life and significant improvement in Harris hip score after reconstruction of greater trochanter in unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture

Isothermal Shock Wave in Magnetogasdynamics

The problem of propagation of a plane isothermal discontinuity (shock) wave in a homogeneous semi-infinite body of a perfect gas, in the presence of amagnetic field have been solved. It has been shown that under certain definiteconditions, the density p at the wave front may be arbitrarily high for a singlecompression pulse. A certain class of solutions of the present problem for a nonhomogeneous semi-infinite body have been derived. Such solutions are expected to be of great importance in compression problems of plasma

Can Religiosity Be Explained by ‘Brain Wiring’? An Analysis of US Adults’ Opinions

Studies examining how religion shapes individuals’ attitudes about science have focused heavily on a narrow range of topics, such as evolution. This study expands this literature by looking at how religion influences individuals’ attitudes towards the claim that neuroscience, or “brain wiring,” can explain differences in religiosity. Our analysis of nationally representative survey data shows, perhaps unsurprisingly, that religiosity is negatively associated with thinking that brain wiring can explain religion. Net of religiosity, though, individuals reporting religious experiences are actually more likely to agree that brain wiring can explain religiosity, as are individuals belonging to diverse religious traditions when compared to the unaffiliated. We also find that belief in the general explanatory power of science is a significant predictor of thinking that religiosity can be explained by brain wiring, while women and the more highly educated are less likely to think this is true. Taken together, these findings have implications for our understanding of the relationship between religion and science, and the extent to which neuroscientific explanations of religiosity are embraced by the general US public