Guided Wave Radar for Precise level Measurement using Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR) Principle

ABSTRACT: In the radar level measurement instruments, the electromagnetic signal travel through air. Once it touches the material under test, it gets reflected back to the input end. The reflection of electromagnetic signal depends on electric and dielectric properties of material. Guided Wave Radar (GWR) meter isbased on the Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR) principle for precise level measurement. TDR, which is well known measurement technique in telecommunication industries for evaluating electric and dielectric property of various material, used for precise level measurement and fault detection. Despite all advancement made within the last few years, there is still lack of low cost, small TDR meter equipment in market. This paper proposes a designon the development of a new miniaturized lowcost TDR meter capable of sampling a repetitive rectangular waveform, which is used as an excitation signal. The key techniques of pulse generation and time measurement are introduced with the selection of GWR probe for accuracy even when the measurement within a highly unstable environment. The signal generation with fast rising time is accomplished using small electronic circuit and the basic laboratory setup.Generally, there is a need of a high resolution, low power consuming, miniature TDR for dynamic level measurement in petrochemical, oil tank and shipbuilding industries application. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system

Thermoluminescence studies of CaSO4: Eu nanophosphor for electron dosimetry

Sample of CaSO4: Eu nanophosphor has been synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method and irradiated with 6.5 MeV electrons over the fluence range from 5×1014 to 4×1015 e/cm2. The as-synthesized sample has been characterized by the XRD and TEM. The TEM image reveals that the nanocrystallites are in the form of nanorods of length 75 to 125 nm, with varying diameter of 10 to 20 nm. The XRD yields an average grain size ~15 nm, with hexagonal structure. The electron irradiated samples exhibit the thermoluminescence glow curve with a single peak at 162 °C. Moreover, the TL peak intensity increases with the increase in electron fluence and saturates beyond 3×1015 e/cm2. Moreover, TL glow curves have been theoretically fitted using computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method to determine trapping parameters. The results indicate that CaSO4: Eu can be used as a dosimeter for 6.5 MeV electrons over dose range from 15-80 kGy

Glucose Recovery from Different Corn Stover Fractions Using Dilute Acid and Alkaline Pretreatment Techniques

Background: Limited availability of corn stover due to the competing uses (organic manure, animal feed, bio-materials, and bioenergy) presents a major concern for its future in the bio-economy. Furthermore, biomass research has exhibited different results due to the differences in the supply of enzymes and dissimilar analytical methods. The effect of the two leading pretreatment techniques (dilute acid and alkaline) on glucose yield from three corn stover fractions (cob, stalk, and leaf) sourced from a single harvest in Uganda were studied at temperatures 100, 120, 140, and 160 °C over reaction times of 5, 10, 30, and 60 min. Results: From this study, the highest glucose concentrations obtained from the dilute acid (DA) pretreated cobs, stalks, and leaves were 18.4 g/L (66.8% glucose yield), 16.2 g/L (64.1% glucose yield), and 11.0 g/L (49.5% glucose yield), respectively. The optimal pretreatment settings needed to obtain these yields from the DA pretreated samples were at a temperature of 160 °C over an incubation time of 30 min. The highest glucose concentrations obtained from the alkaline (AL) pretreated cobs, stalks, and leaves were 24.7 g/L (81.73% glucose yield), 21.3 g/L (81.23% glucose yield), and 15.0 g/L (51.92% glucose yield), respectively. To be able to achieve these yields, the optimal pretreatment settings for the cobs and stalks were 140 °C and for a retention time of 30 min, while the leaves require optimal conditions of 140 °C and for a retention time of 60 min. Conclusions: The study recommends that the leaves could be left on the field during harvesting since the recovery of glucose from the pretreated cobs and stalks is higher

OSL Characteristics of Cu Activated NaLi2PO4 Phosphor

376-382Cu-activated NaLi2PO4 phosphor material was successfully synthesized through solid state diffusion method. It was mainly doped with Cu2Cl2 and CuCl2 salts for impurities in the form of Cu+ and Cu2+ respectively. Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) was carried out for the confirmation of single phase of synthesized phosphor material. Dosimetric properties of the material were investigated using the Optically Stimulated (OSL) techniques. We have found maximum sensitivity of Cu2+: NaLi2PO4 samples at concentration 1000ppm (0.1 mol%) in OSL with annealing temperatures 1073K. Whereas for Cu+: NaLi2PO4 samples, 873K was considered as the optimization annealing temperature with impurity concentrations 0.08mol%. The phosphor material exhibits good dosimetric characteristics. It was found that NaLi2PO4:Cu2+ is little less (3 times) and NaLi2PO4: Cu+ is 4.2 times less sensitive than that of STD. Al2O3:C (Landauer Inc., USA) respectively. For further OSL studies only NaLi2PO4:Cu2+ used. Low TL fading, for NaLi2PO4:Cu2+, only 10.74% fading takes place in 10days after that it negligibly fade. Also, wide OSL dose response (10-15kGy), easy optically bleaching for reusability and easy to handle are some of the other significant qualities observed in our samples. Simple method of preparation and tissue equivalence (Zeff~10.8) adds on the advantages of NaLi2PO4: Cu phosphor. This type of phosphor is also suitable for high energy radiation dosimetry used in OSL techniques

Effect of Thidiazuron with Sucrose Pulsing and Low Temperature Storage with Polyfilm Packaging on Floret Opening and Abscission of Tuberose Cut Spikes

Tuberose is a perennial plant and mostly use as cut flower as well as loose flower. Low temperature storage of tuberose flower spike decreases or inhibits floret opening and triggers floret abscission adversely affecting the flower quality. The investigations were conducted to study the influence of pre-storage pulsing with TDZ with sucrose and low temperature storage with poly film packaging on post storage quality of tuberose cut spikes. Pre-storage pulsing, poly film packaging and low temperature storage at 2 °C significantly influenced post-harvest floret opening tuberose flower spikes. Pre-storage pulsing of tuberose spikes with solution containing 0.5 mM TDZ +15% sucrose or for six hours, followed by 2 °C low temperature storage under seal packaging with HDPE 40 µ for fifteen days, significantly improved physiological parameters like water uptake (ml), total soluble sugars and electrolyte leakage (%) in florets tissue. This further lead to improved per cent floret opening and decreased abscission during post storage life

Artificial Intelligence: Introducing to the Field of Infertility on Patient Having Ovarian Cancer

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a human-invented technology that is supposed to perform specific tasks more quickly and with fewer resources. Machine data base or machine calculation is much accurate, which shows a positive point towards patient safety.AI is a discipline of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent machines that can accomplish tasks that would normally need human intelligence. Ovarian cancer is such a widespread disease that it is observed all over the world. It may cause infertility since it has a direct effect on the reproductive organs.AI will play a critical role in future IVF facilities, boosting outcomes and reducing pregnancy complications. This review article looks at how artificial intelligence (AI) can help infertile ovarian cancer patients. In the field of infertility, Artificial intelligence (AI) is a well-developed platform. Patients with ovarian cancer may experience infertility.If a patient is able to conceive following ovarian cancer, there is a higher risk of disease transmission from parent to offspring through gene.Through gene mapping, AI can read the gene coding and alert to the impact of diseases, reducing the danger of disease transmission. It may also reduce the pregnancy complication

Climate and Health Toolkit for Public Health Registrars

Background: The UK Faculty of Public Health (FPH)'s Climate and Health Strategy vision is for the public health (PH) workforce to “lead on strategies to protect health and wellbeing for current and future generations”, and the UK PH curriculum requires registrars to “demonstrate leadership in environmental sustainability” (ES). However, UK PH training currently provides limited opportunities and support for ES work: a 2022 survey of 18 PH registrars in the East of England found that most (78%) had never or infrequently incorporated ES into past projects, due to uncertainty of appropriate sustainability measures or limitations of supervisory knowledge or support. The majority (89%) felt building ES into their future work was “very important” or “important”, and that a toolkit to support this would be useful (89%). Methods: Formulation of this ES toolkit for UK PH registrars is embedded within the FPH's Sustainable Development Special Interest Group (SIG)'s 2023 workplan. The working group comprises current registrars recruited from diverse UK training locations. To inform toolkit contents, previous registrar projects incorporating ES were collected, via national and regional registrar networks, and through interviews with SIG contacts. Usefulness and accessibility will be evaluated following toolkit dissemination to UK registrars. Results: The toolkit, structured by placement type, will include: advice on incorporating ES into common placement projects and topics; wider placement activities registrars can undertake to promote greater sustainability; and case studies exploring lessons learned from previous registrar projects that incorporated ES. Conclusions: Formulation of a practical toolkit will enable PH registrars to develop knowledge and expertise in ES, equipping the next generation of PH professionals with the leadership skills to champion ES in our climate-changing world. Key messages: • It is imperative that public health registrars gain the skills to tackle the health effects of climate change, but additional support for building these skills is required. • This practical toolkit will support UK PH registrars to incorporate ES into their work, thereby building knowledge, expertise and leadership skills around climate and public health