Disgusted unemployment and under-employment in agriculture

Cover title"October 30, 1956.""Economic Development, Italy Project.""L2-407"--handwritten on coverIncludes bibliographical reference

Factor proportions in the Italian economy

Caption titleAt head of title: Economics / 6. December 1, 1953. P.N. Rosenstein-RodanHandwritten on cover: C/53-9. 408Mimeographe

Contribution of atomic energy to a power program in India

Caption title"Economic Development Program, India Project.""L2-611"--handwritten on cove

Notes on the theory of the "big push"

Cover title"March, 1957."At head of title on cover: Economic Development Program. Italy ProjectTypescript (mimeograph copy)"L2-411"--handwritten on coverIncludes bibliographical reference

International aid for underdeveloped countries

"January, 1961.""Theoretical + general studies in economics"-handwritten on title-page"L2-1219"--handwritten on cove

Robust tests for time-invariant individual heterogeneity versus dynamic state dependence

We derive tests for persistent effects in a general linear dynamic panel data context. Two sources of persistent behavior are considered: time-invariant unobserved factors (captured by an individual random effect) and dynamic persistence or “state dependence” (captured by autoregressive behavior). We will use a maximum likelihood framework to derive a family of tests that help researchers learn whether persistence is due to individual heterogeneity, dynamic effect, or both. The proposed tests have power only in the direction they are designed to perform, that is, they are locally robust to the presence of alternative sources of persistence, and consequently, are able to identify which source of persistence is active. A Monte Carlo experiment is implemented to explore the finite sample performance of the proposed procedures. The tests are applied to a panel data series of real GDP growth for the period 1960–2005