The role of metal-support interactions in sintering and themal deactivation of HDS/HDN catalysts

83-88<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The sintering process in CoO-MoO3/Al2O3 and NiO-MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts for HDS/HDN has been studied using two industrial catalysts and their model systems, subjected to thermal treatment in Qxidizingand reducing atmospheres. The critical role of oxidizing atmosphere for rapid sintering has been found to be connected with the formation of free MoO3 phase, distinguished by high mobility in lower temperature regime and intermediary presence of liquid phase at higher temperatures. A prerequisite for HDS/HDN catalyst sintering during regeneration is the destruction of active monolayer structure that results in formation of the precursor of MoO3 phase. Specific role of metal-support interactions in this deactivation mechanism has been shown by comparative investigation on model systems prepared on more inert supports (<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:="" minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">ɑ-Al2O3 and SiO2).</span

Chain conformational statistics and mechanical properties of elastomer blends

Design of mechanical properties, especially the relation between tensile and dynamic moduli in terms of chain conformational statistics is considered. Data on new elastomer blends with gradient properties, able for mixing on molecular level and partial networking with separation of phases, are analyzed in parallel to classical commodity materials. Especial attention is paid to synergetic effects of the increase of blend modulus, relative to moduli obtained by linear "rule of mixtures" for component polymer moduli, described by Kleiner-Karasz-MacKnight equation, and new models based on self-similar scaling of elastomer network dynamics. New data on model blends exposing synergetic effects with the change of conformational statistics are presented as well

Catalytic Degradation Processes and Swelling of Alginate Bio-Medical Gels under Influence of Oxygen

Interaction of cells with polymer networks in nanostructured devices as alginate beads for cell immobilization are considered. Influence of process parameters as oxygen concentration inside a bead on changes of alginate material structure is experimentally investigated. Significant swelling of alginate beads during process is observed and ascribed to combined action of chemical components in the reactor and of growing cells, causing expansion of beads and degradation of their networks. The culture of mouse/mouse hybridoma cells secreting a monoclonal antibody (IgG) specific to human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) was used. A kinetic model of catalytic alginate degradation is developed for controlling the process. The model provides possibilities to analyze conditions for suppressing large swelling and influence of oxidative agents. Moreover, it provides some deeper insights into mechanism of polymer network-cell interactions and dynamics during the process. It is based on separation of contributions of reactants in the system from contributions of cells to degradation of the network and in that way to effective swelling of the bead

n-hydrocarbons conversions over metal-modified solid acid catalysts

The quality of a straight-run fuel oil can be improved if saturated n-hydrocarbons of low octane number are converted to their branched counterparts. Poor reactivity of traditional catalysts in isomerization reactions imposed the need for the development of new catalysts among which noble metal promoted acid catalysts, liquid and/or solid acid catalysts take a prominent place. Sulfated zirconia and metal promoted sulfated zirconia exhibit high activity for the isomerization of light alkanes at low temperatures. The present paper highlights the original results which indicate that the modification of sulfated zirconia by incorporation of metals (platinum and rhenium) significantly affects catalytic performances in n-hydrocarbon conversion reactions. Favourable activity/selectivity of the promoted sulfated zirconia depends on the crystal phase composition, critical crystallites sizes, platinum dispersion, total acidity and type of acidity. Attention is also paid to the recently developed solid acid catalysts used in other conversion reactions of hydrocarbons

Pseudo-Blend Model of Hydrogel Immobilized Living Cells

Living cell organization in clusters is considered in terms of cell-cells and cells-microenvironment interactions as important factor in fundamental understanding of cell behavior in formation and grow of living tissues, wound heeling and development some serious illness, but also in present tissue engineering, immobilization of cells in polymer matrices and culture grow. Significant importance of parameters as compacivity and compressibility for quantification of cell behavior is found as well as possibility for modeling cell organization in terms of classical models of polymer structure as blends. The theory of Karasz and coworkers on miscibility widows in polymer blends is used for interpretation of some polymer-cell relations

Use of polypeptide neuroprotection for prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery: a pilot prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical study

Aim. The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of polypeptide neuroprotection using brain protein “Cellex” for prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery.Methods. Our study included 60 patients undergoing elective cardiosurgical operations, who were randomized into two groups. In the “Cellex” group, the patients received 1.0 ml of “Cellex” subcutaneously daily during 8 days, beginning from the preoperative day, while the control group patients were given a saline placebo. The cognitive function was assessed using a Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test on the day before surgery and also at Days 3 and 7 postoperatively. The plasma concentrations of S100b protein were measured before surgery, and at Days 3 and 7. The patients’ gas exchange, hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation were monitored. In addition, the efficacy of “Cellex” and the severity of cognitive dysfunction were evaluated intraoperatively under cardiopulmonary bypass.Results. The duration of intervention and mechanical ventilation, as well as hemodynamics and cerebral oximetry data did not differ significantly between the groups. There was a transient decline of cognitive functions and an increase in plasma concentration of S100b at Day 3 after surgery in both groups (p&lt;0.05). At Day 7, the MoCA score was still decreased in the control group (p&lt;0.003), but returned to the baseline in the “Cellex” group. These effects became more pronounced after cardiopulmonary bypass. The intraoperative PaCO2 correlated with cerebral oxygenation surgery by the beginning and at the end of surgery (rho = 0.305, p = 0.033 and rho = 0.533; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion. The perioperative use of “Cellex” can attenuate cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery, especially when following interventions under cardiopulmonary bypass.Received 25 May 2017. Revised 9 November 2017. Accepted 13 November 2017.Funding: The study was carried out with support of the “Farm-Sintez” company’s grant. The money was spent for purchase of the preparation, the authors’ honoraria and purchase of a kit for determining S100b protein concentration. The sponsors’ support had no impact on the study design and data acquisition, analysis and interpretation. The “Farm-Sintez” company’s representatives were not participating in the preparation and publication of the article.Conflict of interest: The study was carried out with support of the “Farm-Sintez” company’s grant.Author contributionsConception and study design: M.A. Putanov, M.M. Sokolova, P.I. Lenkin, M.Yu. Kirov Data collection and analysis: M.A. Putanov, M.M. Sokolova, P.I. Lenkin, I.G. Baskakova, A.N. Kiriluk, D.N. Kazarinov, K.M. Checkaya, T.S. Isakova, M.A. Rumyanceva, V.Yu. Slastilin Statistical data analysis: M.M. Sokolova Drafting the article: M.A. Putanov, M.M. Sokolova Critical revision of the article: M.Yu. Kirov Final approval of the version to be published: M.A. Putanov, M.M. Sokolova, P.I. Lenkin, V.Yu. Slastilin, I.G. Baskakova, A.N. Kiriluk, D.N. Kazarinov, K.M. Checkaya, T.S. Isakova, M.A. Rumyanceva, M.Yu. Kirov</p