La rivière et sa mise en paysage dans les parcs et jardins : étude de cas dans l'Ouest français

L\u27objectif de cet article est d\u27étudier les formes de mobilisation de la ressource en eau (énergétique, esthétique) dans les parcs et jardins. Deux hypothèses seront examinées : les parcs et jardins sont des motifs paysagers pertinents pour observer les trajectoires d\u27usage de la ressource en eau et ses conséquences hydrodynamiques ; l\u27artificialisation des hydrosystèmes n\u27est pas toujours synonyme de dégradation mais peut au contraire être génératrice de diversité paysagère et d\u27ingéniosité hydraulique (Baridon, 2007). Il s\u27agit d\u27aborder ces espaces sous l\u27angle géo-historique enrichi de l\u27histoire de l\u27art des parcs et jardins. Dans un premier temps, nous proposerons une description des sites d\u27étude avant d’analyser les projets et les intentions hydrauliques. Les paysages construits sont ensuite analysés afin de mettre en exergue les transformations des formes et les dynamiques fluviales entre la Renaissance et le XXIe siècle. La recherche se fonde sur deux études de cas choisies dans le bassin versant du Couasnon (265 km²), rivière angevine tributaire de la Loire. La démarche retenue associe : une lecture systémique de la trajectoire des paysages fluviaux où les formes fluviales mises en projet sont abordées comme l\u27expression d\u27une interaction nature/société ; une caractérisation des aménagements hydrauliques du parc dans le contexte de la vallée. L\u27étude s\u27appuie sur l\u27analyse diachronique de séries de cartes et de plans, de photographies et d\u27observations de terrain

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, internal consistency and validation of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthetic Experience Scales-Revised (TAPES-R) for French speaking patients with lower limb amputation

AimThe aim of this study was the French cross-cultural adaptation and validation of The Trinity Amputation and Prosthetic Experience Scales-Revised (TAPES-R-F), in a lower limb amputation population. This self-reported multidimensional amputee-specific questionnaire [1] evaluates with 33 items psychosocial adjustment (3 subscales), activity restriction (1 subscale) and satisfaction with prosthesis (2 subscales).Patients and methodsOne hundred and twenty-nine patients with a mean age of 62 years and with lower limb amputations for at least 1 year were recruited in 5 clinical centers. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were made according to international guidelines. Internal consistency of each subscale was measured with Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation in a sub- group of 24 subjects who completed the TAPES-R twice with an interval of 7 days. Construct validity was estimated through correlations with 2 main components of SF-36 (MCS, PCS). Correlations were also calculated with 3 scales of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI).ResultsCronbach's alpha was high, ranging from 0.85 to 0.95. Reliability was acceptable to high (ICC=0.72 to 0.91) for all subscales with the exception of the Social adjustment (ICC=0.67) and Adjustment to limitation (ICC=0.42) subscales. The 2 component of SF-36 was significantly correlated with all subscales (PCS: r=0.24 to 0.66); MCS: r=0.30 to 0.58), except with aesthetic satisfaction and adjustment to limitation. Regarding the BPI, significant correlations were found for all subscales (r=–0.20 to –0.68) with the exception of adjustment to limitation. Ceiling or floor effects (>15%) were found for all but Activity Restriction and Functional Satisfaction Scales.DiscussionThe TAPES-R-F has acceptable psychometric properties for most of its subscales. Our results may suggest that the French version is more useful in a population research perspective than in an individual perspective. Other studies are necessary to clarify the role and the psychometric properties of this measurement

Gene Expression Patterns in Peripheral Blood Correlate with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease

Systemic and local inflammation plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but the relationship of whole blood gene expression changes with coronary disease remains unclear. We have investigated whether gene expression patterns in peripheral blood correlate with the severity of coronary disease and whether these patterns correlate with the extent of atherosclerosis in the vascular wall

In SHR aorta, calcium ionophore A-23187 releases prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 as endothelium-derived contracting factors

In mature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A-23187 release endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs), cyclooxygenase derivatives that activate thromboxane-endoperoxide (TP) receptors on vascular smooth muscle. The EDCFs released by acetylcholine are most likely prostacyclin and prostaglandin (PG)H2, whereas those released by A-23187 remain to be identified. Isometric tension and the release of PGs were measured in rings of isolated aortas of WKY and SHR. A-23187 evoked the endothelium-dependent release of prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, PGF2α, PGE 2, and possibly PGH2 (PGI2 ≫ thromboxane A2 = PGF2α = PGE2). In SHR aortas, the release of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 was significantly larger in response to A-23187 than to acetylcholine. In response to the calcium ionophore, the release of thromboxane A2 was significantly larger in aortas of SHR than in those of WKY. In both strains of rat, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 prevented the release of PGs and the occurrence of endothelium-dependent contractions. Dazoxiben, the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, abolished the A-23187-dependent production of thromboxane A 2 and inhibited by approximately one-half the endothelium-dependent contractions. U-51605, an inhibitor of PGI synthase, reduced the release of prostacyclin elicited by A-23187 but induced a parallel increase in the production of PGE2 and PGF2α, suggestive of a PGH2 spillover, which was associated with the enhancement of the endothelium-dependent contractions. These results indicate that in the aorta of SHR and WKY, the endothelium-dependent contractions elicited by A-23187 involve the release of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin with a most likely concomitant contribution of PGH2. Copyright © 2006 the American Physiological Society.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Approche comparée de la résilience psychologique chez l’adulte après confrontation à un risque de mort

National audienc

Diurnal variation on balance control in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

International audienceObjective: Increasing evidence supports balance control impairment in older adult patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is limited data on diurnal variation of balance control in these patients. This study aimed to investigate postural stability in older adult patients with symptomatic knee OA during different periods in a daytime. Methods: Two-hundred and forty-one patients with OA knee (median age = 65 +/- 12 years; 82 males) were enrolled in this study. Static posturography was performed under four standing conditions: eyes open and eyes closed, without and with foam support. To assess diurnal postural variations, testing sessions were defined as follows: 8-10am, 10-12am, 1pm-3pm, 3pm-5pm. Influence of sex, age, height, weight, and body mass index on postural stability was evaluated. Knee pain was also assessed in these four testing sessions. Results: Postural control was in particular less efficient in the late morning than in the early afternoon (p < 0.05). Diurnal variation of balance control was more noticeable in older, heavier, and male patients (p < 0.05). Patients' knee pain was more pronounced in the morning than in the afternoon (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Balance stability of patients with OA knee was different during a daytime. Altered postural performance in the morning could be explained by joint pain. This diurnal variation should be taken into account in the daily management of knee OA. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved