De prevalentie en determinanten van bezoek van partners, kinderen, familie en vrienden aan Nederlandse gedetineerden: de rol van sociale netwerkkenmerken en criminele geschiedenis

Scholarship has shown that visitation is an especially important experience for inmates and can have a beneficial impact on life after release. Receiving visits in prison, however, is not self-evident.This study uses data from a nationally representative sample of adults incarcerated in the Netherlands (N=4.376) to estimate the prevalence of, and identify determinants for, visits from partner, child(ren), family and friends. Consistent with expectations from social support theory, results indicate that having a strong social network is associated with visitation. Inmates who are older, have a non-Western background and have short prison stays are less likely to be visited. Unexpectedly, the type of offense and incarceration history were less predictive of prison visits, although results differed across visitor types. Implications of these findings for prison administrators and research are discussed.Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Receiving Visits and the Relative Timing of Inmates’ Infractions: Investigations into how Inmates’ Behavior Change Before and After Visits in Dutch Prisons

ObjectivesThis study tests the relative timing of inmate infractions in the weeks before and after a visit.MethodOur sample is a cohort of 823 male inmates who participated in the Dutch Prison Visitation Study (DPVS) (2017) and had visitation and misconduct data. Using two-level random effects logistic regression models, we examined week-to-week associations between infractions and prison visits, including visits from partners, family, friends, and official visitors.ResultsThe probability of an infraction is comparable to average levels in anticipation of visits, increases up to 18 percent in the weeks immediately following visits, and then returns to baseline levels. This pattern is found for contraband infractions, but no effects were found for aggressive infractions. Strongest effects were found for family and official visits. When inmates are visited frequently, the risk of infractions postvisit is similar to average levels.ConclusionsThe findings show that visits can have harmful effects on inmate infractions. These effects seem to stem from increases in contraband infractions. More research is needed to further understand the mechanism behind visits’ effects.Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Receiving visits in prison and aggressive and contraband misconduct among Dutch prisoners

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Visitation Enablers and Barriers: Evaluating the Influences of Practical, Relational, and Experiential Factors on Visitation in Dutch Prisons

This paper aims to advance theory and knowledge about prison visitation by organizing prior studies within a framework of visitation enablers and barriers and examining how practical, relational, and experiential factors explain variation in prison visiting among 773 adult males across eight Dutch prisons. Findings suggest that all three domains play out at once to influence visitation. Whether visitors come to visit seems to depend on their relationship with the incarcerated individual, whereas traveling distance is more predictive of how often they visit. Policies that introduce practical barriers can differentially affect visits from specific relationships. Finally, results indicate that incarcerated individuals make decisions about visits based on their in-prison experiences. Policy and research implications are discussed.Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

How do Visit Facilitation and Accessibility of Prisons Relate to Visits from Professionals and Volunteers?

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Do Prisoners With Reintegration Needs Receive Relevant Professional Assistance?

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Leukocyte migration in experimental inflammatory bowel disease

Emigration of leukocytes from the circulation into tissue by transendothelial migration, is mediated subsequently by adhesion molecules such as selectins, chemokines and integrins. This multistep paradigm, with multiple molecular choices at each step, provides a diversity in signals. The influx of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes into inflamed tissue is important in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The importance of each of these groups of adhesion molecules in chronic inflammatory bowel disease, either in human disease or in animal models, will be discussed below. Furthermore, the possibilities of blocking these different steps in the process of leukocyte extravasation in an attempt to prevent further tissue damage, will be taken into account

The effects of reward systems in prison: a systematic review

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Application of statistical and functional methodologies for the investigation of genetic determinants of coronary heart disease biomarkers: lipoprotein lipase genotype and plasma triglycerides as an exemplar

Genome-wide association studies have proved very successful in identifying novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease or traits, but the related, functional SNP is usually unknown. In this paper, we describe a methodology to locate and validate candidate functional SNPs using lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a gene previously associated with triglyceride levels, as an exemplar. Two thousand seven hundred and eighty-six healthy middle-aged men from the NPHSII UK prospective study (with up to six measures of plasma lipid levels) were genotyped for 20 LPL tagging (t)SNPs using Illumina Bead technology. Using model-selection procedures and haplotypes, we identified eight SNPs that consistently maximized the fit of the model to the phenotype. Fifteen SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with these were identified, and functional assays were carried out on all 23 SNPs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to identify SNPs that had the potential to alter DNA–protein interactions, reducing the number to eight possible candidate SNPs. These were examined for ability to alter expression using a luciferase reporter assay, and two regulatory SNPs, showing genotype differences, rs327 and rs3289, were identified. Finally, multiplexed-competitor-EMSA (MC-EMSA) and supershift EMSA identified FOXA2 to rs327T, and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) to rs3289C as the factors responsible for transcription binding. We have identified two novel candidate functional SNPs in LPL and presented a procedure aimed to efficiently detect SNPs potentially causal to genetic association. We believe that this methodology could be successfully applied to future re-sequencing data