A graphical, scalable and intuitive method for the placement and the connection of biological cells

We introduce a graphical method originating from the computer graphics domain that is used for the arbitrary and intuitive placement of cells over a two-dimensional manifold. Using a bitmap image as input, where the color indicates the identity of the different structures and the alpha channel indicates the local cell density, this method guarantees a discrete distribution of cell position respecting the local density function. This method scales to any number of cells, allows to specify several different structures at once with arbitrary shapes and provides a scalable and versatile alternative to the more classical assumption of a uniform non-spatial distribution. Furthermore, several connection schemes can be derived from the paired distances between cells using either an automatic mapping or a user-defined local reference frame, providing new computational properties for the underlying model. The method is illustrated on a discrete homogeneous neural field, on the distribution of cones and rods in the retina and on a coronal view of the basal ganglia.Comment: Corresponding code at https://github.com/rougier/spatial-computatio

Microcircuit testing and fabrication, using scanning electron microscopes

Scanning electron microscopes are used to determine both user-induced damages and manufacturing defects subtle enough to be missed by conventional light microscopy. Method offers greater depth of field and increased working distances

Nausicaa - Feminine Threat

Classic

Dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-containing half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium and iridium : biological relevance and synthetic strategies

This review describes how the incorporation of dicarba-closo-dodecarboranes into half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium and iridium might lead to the development of a new class of compounds with applications in medicine. Such a combination not only has unexplored potential in traditional areas such as Boron Neutron Capture Therapy agents, but also as pharmacophores for the targeting of biologically important proteins and the development of targeted drugs. The synthetic pathways used for the syntheses of dicarba-closo-dodecarboranes-containing half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium and iridium are also reviewed. Complexes with a wide variety of geometries and characteristics can be prepared. Examples of addition reactions on the metal centre, B–H activation, transmetalation reactions and/or direct formation of metal–metal bonds are discussed (103 references)

Description of GADEL

This article describes the first implementation of the GADEL system : a Genetic Algorithm for Default Logic. The goal of GADEL is to compute extensions in Reiter's default logic. It accepts every kind of finite propositional default theories and is based on evolutionary principles of Genetic Algorithms. Its first experimental results on certain instances of the problem show that this new approach of the problem can be successful.Comment: System Descriptions and Demonstrations at Nonmonotonic Reasoning Workshop, 2000 6 pages, 2 figures, 5 table