33 research outputs found
Novel Root-Fungus Symbiosis in Ericaceae: Sheathed Ericoid Mycorrhiza Formed by a Hitherto Undescribed Basidiomycete with Affinities to Trechisporales
Ericaceae (the heath family) are widely distributed calcifuges inhabiting soils with inherently poor nutrient status. Ericaceae overcome nutrient limitation through symbiosis with ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi that mobilize nutrients complexed in recalcitrant organic matter. At present, recognized ErM fungi include a narrow taxonomic range within the Ascomycota, and the Sebacinales, basal Hymenomycetes with unclamped hyphae and imperforate parenthesomes. Here we describe a novel type of basidiomycetous ErM symbiosis, termed âsheathed ericoid mycorrhizaâ, discovered in two habitats in mid-Norway as a co-dominant mycorrhizal symbiosis in Vaccinium spp. The basidiomycete forming sheathed ErM possesses clamped hyphae with perforate parenthesomes, produces 1- to 3-layer sheaths around terminal parts of hair roots and colonizes their rhizodermis intracellularly forming hyphal coils typical for ErM symbiosis. Two basidiomycetous isolates were obtained from sheathed ErM and molecular and phylogenetic tools were used to determine their identity; they were also examined for the ability to form sheathed ErM and lignocellulolytic potential. Surprisingly, ITS rDNA of both conspecific isolates failed to amplify with the most commonly used primer pairs, including ITS1 and ITS1F + ITS4. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear LSU, SSU and 5.8S rDNA indicates that the basidiomycete occupies a long branch residing in the proximity of Trechisporales and Hymenochaetales, but lacks a clear sequence relationship (>90% similarity) to fungi currently placed in these orders. The basidiomycete formed the characteristic sheathed ErM symbiosis and enhanced growth of Vaccinium spp. in vitro, and degraded a recalcitrant aromatic substrate that was left unaltered by common ErM ascomycetes. Our findings provide coherent evidence that this hitherto undescribed basidiomycete forms a morphologically distinct ErM symbiosis that may occur at significant levels under natural conditions, yet remain undetected when subject to amplification by âuniversalâ primers. The lignocellulolytic assay suggests the basidiomycete may confer host adaptations distinct from those provisioned by the so far investigated ascomycetous ErM fungi
INTERMITTENT AND CHRONIC MORPHINE TREATMENT INDUCES LONG-LASTING CHANGES IN DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTOR-REGULATED ACETYLCHOLINE-RELEASE IN RAT STRIATUM AND NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS
Intermittent morphine administration induces a long-lasting synergistic effect of corticosterone on dopamine D1 receptor functioning in rat striatal GABA neurons
The Effects of Crown Removal, Short Days and Polyethylene Mulch Color on Fruit Yield Parameters and Quality Compounds, in Tunnel-Grown âKoronaâ Strawberry ( Fragaria
Morphine-induced increase in D-1 receptor regulated signal transduction in rat striatal neurons and its facilitation by glucocorticoid receptor activation: Possible role in behavioral sensitization
Delayed occurrence of enhanced striatal preprodynorphin gene expression in behaviorally sensitized rats: Differential long-term effects of intermittent and chronic morphine administration
Ethanol, like psychostimulants and morphine, causes long-lasting hyperreactivity of dopamine and acetylcholine neurons of rat nucleus accumbens: possible role in behavioural sensitization
Striatal dopamine receptors in rats displaying long-term behavioural sensitization to morphine
UPTAKE AND PARTITIONING OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS BY STRAWBERRY PLANTS
This paper discusses the nutrient requirements of strawberry plants in the field (annual and perennial systems) and under soilless conditions, the dynamics of nutrient uptake through the season and factors affecting them. Emphasis is given to phenological phases where requirements are especially high. The role of storage and remobilization of nitrogen in winter for subsequent remobilization in spring is discussed. Data on nutrient partitioning among plant organs are also reported.