Silvicultura na Amazônia brasileira: avaliação de experiências e recomendações para implementação e melhoria dos sistemas.

Levantamento de dados secundários. Dados gerais das propriedades. Assistência técnica nas experiências silviculturais. Fatores que levaram à implementação/manejo de experiências silviculturais. Acesso a financiamento para as experiências silviculturais. Fatores que dificultam a implentação de experiências silviculturais. Fatores que afetam a manutenção de experiências silviculturais. Fatores que determinam o prosseguimento nas experiências silviculturais.bitstream/item/84873/1/SILVICULTURABrasileira.pd

ITER-Earthing

Earthing of electrical installations is mainly governed by safety rules. Electromagnetic compatibility also deals with earthing, among other circuit characteristics. Tokamaks are large-scale electrical installations that are known to generate large and low frequency magnetic fields as well as large and high frequency electric fields. Four European Tokamak installations have been investigated, from the earthing point of view, to identify appropriate techniques to earth the electrical equipment and to provide the lowest possible electromagnetic interference with the measurement circuits. But none of these existing installations looks like ITER, not even remotely. The plasma current range, the superconducting coils, the thick and continuous vacuum vessel, the cryostat, the very high voltage of its neutral beam injectors, the available amount of auxiliary heating power, the sensitivity of its magnetic measurements required for long pulses, the size of the site and the powerful supply grid all affect the plant earthing. Based on these investigations and the ITER specificities, a layout of the ITER site electrical supply grid and of the related earthing grid is proposed. Basic rules to reduce the electromagnetic noise at its sources and to improve the measurement immunity are also suggested

Design of the ITER high-frequency magnetic diagnostic coils

This paper is an overview of work carried out on the design of the ITER high-frequency magnetic diagnostic coil (HF sensor). In the first part, the ITER requirements for the HF sensor are presented. In the second part, the ITER reference design of the HF sensor has been assessed and showed some potential weaknesses, which led us to the conclusion that alternative designs could usefully be examined. Several options have been explored, and are presented in the third part: (a) direct laser cutting a metallic tube, (b) stacking of plane windings manufactured from a tungsten plate by electrical discharge machining, (c) coil using the conventional spring manufacture. In the fourth part, sensors using the low temperature co-fired ceramic technology (LTCC) are presented: (d) monolithic 1D magnetic flux sensors based on LTCC technology, and (e) monolithic 3D magnetic flux sensors based on the same LTCC technology. The solution which showed the best results is the monolithic 3D magnetic flux sensor based on LTCC. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Langmuir probe electronics upgrade on the tokamak a configuration variable

A detailed description of the Langmuir probe electronics upgrade for TCV (Tokamak a Configuration Variable) is presented. The number of amplifiers and corresponding electronics has been increased from 48 to 120 in order to simultaneously connect all of the 114 Langmuir probes currently mounted in the TCV divertor and main-wall tiles. Another set of 108 amplifiers is ready to be installed in order to connect 80 new probes, built in the frame of the TCV divertor upgrade. Technical details of the amplifier circuitry are discussed as well as improvements over the first generation of amplifiers developed at SPC (formerly CRPP) in 1993/1994 and over the second generation developed in 2012/2013. While the new amplifiers have been operated successfully for over a year, it was found that their silicon power transistors can be damaged during some off-normal plasma events. Possible solutions are discussed. (C) 2019 Author(s)