1,516 research outputs found
Quasiparticles governing the zero-temperature dynamics of the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a magnetic field
The T=0 dynamical properties of the one-dimensional (1D)
Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a uniform magnetic field are studied via Bethe
ansatz for cyclic chains of sites. The ground state at magnetization
, which can be interpreted as a state with spinons or as a
state of magnons, is reconfigured here as the vacuum for a different
species of quasiparticles, the {\em psinons} and {\em antipsinons}. We
investigate three kinds of quantum fluctuations, namely the spin fluctuations
parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the applied magnetic field and
the dimer fluctuations. The dynamically dominant excitation spectra are found
to be sets of collective excitations composed of two quasiparticles excited
from the psinon vacuum in different configurations. The Bethe ansatz provides a
framework for (i) the characterization of the new quasiparticles in relation to
the more familiar spinons and magnons, (ii) the calculation of spectral
boundaries and densities of states for each continuum, (iii) the calculation of
transition rates between the ground state and the dynamically dominant
collective excitations, (iv) the prediction of lineshapes for dynamic structure
factors relevant for experiments performed on a variety of quasi-1D
antiferromagnetic compounds, including KCuF,
Cu(CHN, and CuGeO.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
Coil-helix transition of polypeptide at water-lipid interface
We present the exact solution of a microscopic statistical mechanical model
for the transformation of a long polypeptide between an unstructured coil
conformation and an -helix conformation. The polypeptide is assumed to
be adsorbed to the interface between a polar and a non-polar environment such
as realized by water and the lipid bilayer of a membrane. The interfacial
coil-helix transformation is the first stage in the folding process of helical
membrane proteins. Depending on the values of model parameters, the
conformation changes as a crossover, a discontinuous transition, or a
continuous transition with helicity in the role of order parameter. Our model
is constructed as a system of statistically interacting quasiparticles that are
activated from the helix pseudo-vacuum. The particles represent links between
adjacent residues in coil conformation that form a self-avoiding random walk in
two dimensions. Explicit results are presented for helicity, entropy, heat
capacity, and the average numbers and sizes of both coil and helix segments.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication by JSTA
Optimization of Short Coherent Control Pulses
The coherent control of small quantum system is considered. For a two-level
system coupled to an arbitrary bath we consider a pulse of finite duration. We
derive the leading and the next-leading order corrections to the evolution
operator due to the non-commutation of the pulse and the bath Hamiltonian. The
conditions are computed that make the leading corrections vanish. The pulse
shapes optimized in this way are given for and pulses.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; published versio
Lineshape predictions via Bethe ansatz for the one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a magnetic field
The spin fluctuations parallel to the external magnetic field in the ground
state of the one-dimensional (1D) s=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet are
dominated by a two-parameter set of collective excitations. In a cyclic chain
of N sites and magnetization 0<M_z<N/2, the ground state, which contains 2M_z
spinons, is reconfigured as the physical vacuum for a different species of
quasi-particles, identifiable in the framework of the coordinate Bethe ansatz
by characteristic configurations of Bethe quantum numbers. The dynamically
dominant excitations are found to be scattering states of two such
quasi-particles. For N -> \infty, these collective excitations form a continuum
in (q,\omega)-space with an incommensurate soft mode. Their matrix elements in
the dynamic spin structure factor S_{zz}(q,\omega) are calculated directly from
the Bethe wave functions for finite N. The resulting lineshape predictions for
N -> \infty complement the exact results previously derived via algebraic
analysis for the exact 2-spinon part of S_{zz}(q,\omega) in the zero-field
limit. They are directly relevant for the interpretation of neutron scattering
data measured in nonzero field on quasi-1D antiferromagnetic compounds.Comment: 10 page
Quantum chaos: an introduction via chains of interacting spins-1/2
We introduce aspects of quantum chaos by analyzing the eigenvalues and the
eigenstates of quantum many-body systems. The properties of quantum systems
whose classical counterparts are chaotic differ from those whose classical
counterparts are not chaotic. The spectrum of the first exhibits repulsion of
the energy levels. This is one of the main signatures of quantum chaos. We show
how level repulsion develops in one-dimensional systems of interacting spins
1/2 which are devoid of random elements and involve only two-body interactions.
In addition to the statistics of the eigenvalues, we analyze how the structure
of the eigenstates may indicate chaos. The programs used to obtain the data are
available online.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Self-adjoint symmetry operators connected with the magnetic Heisenberg ring
We consider symmetry operators a from the group ring C[S_N] which act on the
Hilbert space H of the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg magnetic ring with N sites. We
investigate such symmetry operators a which are self-adjoint (in a sence
defined in the paper) and which yield consequently observables of the
Heisenberg model. We prove the following results: (i) One can construct a
self-adjoint idempotent symmetry operator from every irreducible character of
every subgroup of S_N. This leads to a big manifold of observables. In
particular every commutation symmetry yields such an idempotent. (ii) The set
of all generating idempotents of a minimal right ideal R of C[S_N] contains one
and only one idempotent which ist self-adjoint. (iii) Every self-adjoint
idempotent e can be decomposed into primitive idempotents e = f_1 + ... + f_k
which are also self-adjoint and pairwise orthogonal. We give a computer
algorithm for the calculation of such decompositions. Furthermore we present 3
additional algorithms which are helpful for the calculation of self-adjoint
operators by means of discrete Fourier transforms of S_N. In our investigations
we use computer calculations by means of our Mathematica packages PERMS and
HRing.Comment: 13 page
Generalization of short coherent control pulses: extension to arbitrary rotations
We generalize the problem of the coherent control of small quantum systems to
the case where the quantum bit (qubit) is subject to a fully general rotation.
Following the ideas developed in Pasini et al (2008 Phys. Rev. A 77, 032315),
the systematic expansion in the shortness of the pulse is extended to the case
where the pulse acts on the qubit as a general rotation around an axis of
rotation varying in time. The leading and the next-leading corrections are
computed. For certain pulses we prove that the general rotation does not
improve on the simpler rotation with fixed axis.Comment: 6 pages, no figures; published versio
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Experimental multi-scale approach to determine the local mechanical properties of foam base material in polyisocyanurate metal panels
Polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams were examined regarding their local chemical composition using ATR-IR spectroscopy. As a special parameter the PIR: Amide III intensity ratio is to be mentioned, which represents the quantity of the formed PIR groups. Based on the local PIR: Amide III intensity ratio, the mechanical properties (Young's modulus) of the foam base material were analyzed at defined positions by AFM and Nanoindentation. It turned out that the AFM method is only suitable for qualitative analysis, because the values differ strongly from macroscopic measurements. For the measurements using nanoindentation, a new embedding method was developed, which achieves significantly more realistic and reproducible results compared to the embedding method used in the literature and shows a very good agreement with the macroscopic values. In general, it has been shown that a higher PIR: Amide III intensity ratio tends to lead to a higher Young's modulus. Nevertheless, there are other, currently unknown characteristic values which also influence the Young's modulus
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