ചെറുകിട കുടില്‍ വ്യവസായ മത്സ്യസംസ്കരണ രംഗത്ത് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന വര്‍ദ്ധിത മത്സ്യോല്പന്നങ്ങള്‍ (Value added fish products in small scale cottage industrial fish processing sector) Malayalam

ചെറുകിട കുടില്‍ വ്യവസായ മത്സ്യസംസ്കരണ രംഗത്ത് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന വര്‍ദ്ധിത മത്സ്യോല്പന്നങ്ങള്‍ (Value added fish products in small scale cottage industrial fish processing sector) Malayala

Empirical feed formulations for the marine ornamental fish, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus (Linne 1758) and their physical, chemical and nutritional evaluation

Formulated feeds containing a common ingredient mixture (CIM) consisting of ¢shmeal (anchovies), shrimp meal (Acetes), squid meal (Loligo) and soybean meal incorporated in ascending levels to obtain protein levels ranging from 180 to 560 g kg1(18.34%, 25.35%, 36.27%, 46.61% and 56.28%) and an energy level of 19MJ kg1 were fed to the marine ornamental ¢sh, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus o200mg and 200^300 mg in size for periods of 35 and 63 days. Theo200mg ¢sh accepted particleso0.5mm in size and showed maximumgrowth in terms of absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and speci¢c growth rate (SGR) with the feed containing 380 g kg1 CIM having a protein content of 362 g kg1

Development of formulated dry feed for marine aquariculture

Breeding and seed production of marine ornamental fishes in India was pioneered by CMFRI. Clown fishes and damsel fishes were the candidate species in aquariculture whose life cycles were closed and batches of 1000-1500 fishes from one brood were available for scientific investigations and sale from 2006 onwards

Mariculture nutrition research at CMFRI

Mariculture is now accepted as an alternative to augment marine fish production in the backdrop of dwindling capture fisheries. CMFRI has prioritized mariculture research in three areas which are marine food fish production, production of high value marine cru staceans, and ca ptive breeding and propagation of selected marine ornamental fishes for breeding and conserva tion

Microsporidian (Glugea sp.) infection in the greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal, 1775)

A case of microsporidian (Glugea sp.) infection in the greasy grouper, Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal) was studied by light microscopy as well as histological examination. The parasite was located in the subcutaneous tissue and visceral organs, forming spherical blackish xenomas of about 1-2.5 mm in diameter surrounded by a layer of connective tissue. The observed characteristics of the parasite are in line with those of the other Glugea species; showing merogony in the outer zone of the cytoplasm of the host cell, sporogony in sporophorous vesicles, and mature ovoid spores 4-6.5 μm x 2-2.2 μm located in the central part of the blackish xenoma. These characteristics suggested that the microsporidian which was found to infect E. tauvina during the present investigation was Glugea sp

Identification of antioxidant enzyme genes of the Indian edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) through polymerase chain reaction

When an organism is exposed to stress by way of environmental fluctuations or pathogenic attack, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause severe oxidative damage to the cells and hamper the cellular as well as membrane functions, are produced. In order to counter these effects, the cells activate the production of antioxidant enzymes which play pivotal role in removing ROS and maintaining the homeostasis within the cells. Crassostrea madrasensis is a promising bivalve species, living in intertidal region amidst a variety of stressors. In the present study, the RNA was isolated from gills and cDNA synthesised by Reverse Transcription PCR (RT- PCR) and amplification of these c DNA were carried out using a combination of different primers designed for super oxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).. The PCR generated amplicons of 464 bp, 171 bp and 147 bp of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GPX respectively were purified and sequenced. Similarity search in NCBI - BLAST confirmed these sequences as the respective antioxidant enzyme genes. The amino acid profile of Cu/Zn-SOD deduced from the sequences representing original reading frame (ORF) on InterProScan analysis was found to contain the characteristic Cu and Zn binding domains. PCR with the SOD specific primer pair resulted in the amplification of ORF of SOD with both genomic DNA and C-DNA as templates. This indicates the intronless nature of SOD gene, an adaptation to initiate fast expression at times of stress, as observed in certain other stress related genes such as the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70). This is the first report on the molecular detection and identification of antioxidant enzyme genes of Indian edible oyster

Molecular identification of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene in the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) and Indian brown mussel Perna indica Kuriakose & Nair, 1976

Bivalves are constantly exposed to different kinds of stressors as they live in a habitat with frequent changes in environmental parameters. The xenobiotic pollutants also contribute to the stressful routine of bivalves. Studies on the genes which mediate and contribute to the physiological plasticity of bivalves in stressful situations, induced by natural and anthropogenic agents are gaining importance. Among the stress related genes, HSP family genes play an important role in managing stress induced by various factors. Recent reports underline the role of heat shock proteins in thermo tolerance, host defense and even in aging. Here we report the molecular expression and detection of heat shock protein genes (Hsp70) from the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and the Indian brown mussel Perna indica with unique distribution in Indian waters. The c- DNA reverse transcribed from the total RNA of gill was used as template in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify Hsp70 gene segments with primers designed from the conserved nucleotide sequences of Crassostrea gigas and Perna viridis. PCR products were sequenced, and the similarity search in NCBI-BLAST confirmed the molecular identity of targeted genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp gene sequence data reveals the unique position of the Indian edible oyster and Indian brown mussel among the other counterparts inhabiting rest of the world. This stands out as the first report on the expression and PCR amplification of stress related genes from Indian bivalves

Correlation of lower respiratory tract inflammation with changes in lung function and chest roentgenograms in patients with untreated tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Forty-one patients with untreated tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) were studied to determine whether there was any relationship between lower respiratory tract inflammation and either changes in lung function or abnormalities in chest roentgenograms. Total number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)fluid, consisting of alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils had significant negative correlations with transfer factor (TLCO) (r=-0519, p<0.001), transfer coefficient (KCO) (r=-0.3!2, p<0.05) and total lung capacity (TLC) (r=-0.352, p<0.05). The absolute count of eosinophils in BAL fluid had a signifiant negative correlation with TLC0 (r=-0.430, p<0.01) and KC0 (r=-0.300, p=0.05), but not with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or TLC. However, the absolute count of alveolar macrophages had a significant negative correlation with FVC (r=-0.343, p<0.05), FEVI (r=-0.341, p<0.05) and TLC (r=-0.305, p<0.05), but not with TLC0 or KCO. The total number of lymphocytes had a negative correlation with TLC (r=-0.315, p<0.05). There was no correlation between the types of cells recovered in BAL/fluid and changes in chest radiographs as assessed by the IL0 classification for occupational lung diseases. These data suggest that there may be a dissociation of pulmonary pathophysiological changesproduced by different inflammatory cells in the lower respiratory tract. Macrophages and lymphocytes may produce more harm to the lung, as evidenced by significant negative correlations of these cells with lung volumes

Prediction equations for maximal voluntary ventilation in non-smoking normal subjects in Madras

Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) was measured in 256 healthy non-smoking adults (132 males, 124 females) aged 15-63 years living in Madras. The mean MVV (±SD)in males was 126.7±31.9 and in females 77.7±16.4. Regression equations were derived for men and women for predicting maximal voluntary ventilation for adults in South India. MVV in South Indians were similar to those reported for other Indian subjects, but lower than those reported for caucasions

Reference values and prediction equations for maximal expiratory flow rates in non-smoking normal subjects in Madras

Maximal Expiratory Flow Rates such as Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). rates at 25%, 50% and 75% of forced vita) capacity (V max 25%, V max 50% and V max 75%) and forced expiratory flow during the middle half of forced vital capacity (FEF 25-75%) were measured in 273 healthy non-smoking adults (144 males, 129 females) aged 15-63 years living in Madras. Regression equations were derived for men and women for predicting maximal expiratory flow rates for adults in South India. Expiratory Flow Rates at lower lung volumes in men were similar to those reported for caucasians, but higher than those reported for western Indian Subjects. However, in women the flow rates were similar to those of western Indians and lower than those of caucasians, probably due to indoor air pollution since childhood. These data may suggest that expiratory flow rates at lower lung volumes may not show ethnic variability