1,871 research outputs found
Determination of S17(0) from published data
The experimental landscape for the 7Be+p radiative capture reaction is
rapidly changing as new high precision data become available. We present an
evaluation of existing data, detailing the treatment of systematic errors and
discrepancies, and show how they constrain the astrophysical S factor (S17),
independent of any nuclear structure model. With theoretical models robustly
determining the behavior of the sub-threshold pole, the extrapolation error can
be reduced and a constraint placed on the slope of S17. Using only radiative
capture data, we find S17(0) = 20.7 +/- 0.6 (stat) +/- 1.0 (syst) eV b if data
sets are completely independent, while if data sets are completely correlated
we find S17(0) = 21.4 +/- 0.5 (stat) +/- 1.4 (syst) eV b. The truth likely lies
somewhere in between these two limits. Although we employ a formalism capable
of treating discrepant data, we note that the central value of the S factor is
dominated by the recent high precision data of Junghans et al., which imply a
substantially higher value than other radiative capture and indirect
measurements. Therefore we conclude that further progress will require new high
precision data with a detailed error budget.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure published versio
Sports teams as complex adaptive systems: manipulating player numbers shapes behaviours during football small-sided games
Small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs) in sport have been modelled as complex adaptive systems. Research has shown that the relative space per player (RSP) formulated in SSCGs can impact on emergent tactical behaviours. In this study we adopted a systems orientation to analyse how different RSP values, obtained through manipulations of player numbers, influenced four measures of interpersonal coordination observed during performance in SSCGs. For this purpose we calculated positional data (GPS 15 Hz) from ten U-15 football players performing in three SSCGs varying in player numbers (3v3, 4v4 and 5v5). Key measures of SSCG system behaviours included values of (1) playersâ dispersion, (2) teamsâ separateness, (3) coupling strength and time delays between participantsâ emerging movements, respectively. Results showed that values of participantsâ dispersion increased, but the teamsâ separateness remained identical across treatments. Coupling strength and time delay also showed consistent values across SSCGs. These results exemplified how complex adaptive systems, like football teams, can harness inherent degeneracy to maintain similar team spatialâtemporal relations with opponents through changes in inter-individual coordination modes (i.e., playersâ dispersion). The results imply that different team behaviours might emerge at different ratios of field dimension/player numbers. Therefore, sport pedagogists should carefully evaluate the effects of changing RSP in SSCGs as a way of promoting increased or decreased pressure on players
Measurement of the 18Ne(a,p_0)21Na reaction cross section in the burning energy region for X-ray bursts
The 18Ne(a,p)21Na reaction provides one of the main HCNO-breakout routes into
the rp-process in X-ray bursts. The 18Ne(a,p_0)21Na reaction cross section has
been determined for the first time in the Gamow energy region for peak
temperatures T=2GK by measuring its time-reversal reaction 21Na(p,a)18Ne in
inverse kinematics. The astrophysical rate for ground-state to ground-state
transitions was found to be a factor of 2 lower than Hauser-Feshbach
theoretical predictions. Our reduced rate will affect the physical conditions
under which breakout from the HCNO cycles occurs via the 18Ne(a,p)21Na
reaction.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication on Physical Review
Letter
Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov description of the deformed ground-state proton emitters
Ground-state properties of deformed proton-rich odd-Z nuclei in the region
are described in the framework of Relativistic Hartree
Bogoliubov (RHB) theory. One-proton separation energies and ground-state
quadrupole deformations that result from fully self-consistent microscopic
calculations are compared with available experimental data. The model predicts
the location of the proton drip-line, the properties of proton emitters beyond
the drip-line, and provides information about the deformed single-particle
orbitals occupied by the odd valence proton.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, 3 PS figures, submitted Phys. Rev. Letter
Role of dynamical particle-vibration coupling in reconciliation of the puzzle for spherical proton emitters
It has been observed that decay rate for proton emission from
single particle state is systematically quenched compared with the prediction
of a one dimensional potential model although the same model successfully
accounts for measured decay rates from and states. We
reconcile this discrepancy by solving coupled-channels equations, taking into
account couplings between the proton motion and vibrational excitations of a
daughter nucleus. We apply the formalism to proton emitting nuclei
Re to show that there is a certain range of parameter set of the
excitation energy and the dynamical deformation parameter for the quadrupole
phonon excitation which reproduces simultaneously the experimental decay rates
from the 2, 3 and 1 states in these nuclei.Comment: RevTex, 12 pages, 4 eps figure
Fission Hindrance in hot 216Th: Evaporation Residue Measurements
The fusion evaporation-residue cross section for 32S+184W has been measured
at beam energies of E_beam = 165, 174, 185, 196, 205, 215, 225, 236, 246,and
257 MeV using the ATLAS Fragment Mass Analyzer. The data are compared with
Statistical Model calculations and it is found that a nuclear dissipation
strength, which increases with excitation energy, is required to reproduce the
excitation function. A comparison with previously published data show that the
dissipation strength depends strongly on the shell structure of the nuclear
system.Comment: 15 pages 9 figure
Hindrance of Heavy-ion Fusion at Extreme Sub-Barrier Energies in Open-shell Colliding Systems
The excitation function for the fusion-evaporation reaction 64Ni+100Mo has
been measured down to a cross-section of ~5 nb. Extensive coupled-channels
calculations have been performed, which cannot reproduce the steep fall-off of
the excitation function at extreme sub-barrier energies. Thus, this system
exhibits a hindrance for fusion, a phenomenon that has been discovered only
recently. In the S-factor representation introduced to quantify the hindrance,
a maximum is observed at E_s=120.6 MeV, which corresponds to 90% of the
reference energy E_s^ref, a value expected from systematics of closed-shell
systems. A systematic analysis of Ni-induced fusion reactions leading to
compound nuclei with mass A=100-200 is presented in order to explore a possible
dependence of the fusion hindrance on nuclear structure.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Extended States in a One-dimensional Generalized Dimer Model
The transmission coefficient for a one dimensional system is given in terms
of Chebyshev polynomials using the tight-binding model. This result is applied
to a system composed of two impurities located between sites of a host
lattice. It is found that the system has extended states for several values of
the energy. Analytical expressions are given for the impurity site energy in
terms of the electron's energy. The number of resonant states grows like the
number of host sites between the impurities. This property makes the system
interesting since it is a simple task to design a configuration with resonant
energy very close to the Fermi level .Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
S17(0) Determined from the Coulomb Breakup of 83 MeV/nucleon 8B
A kinematically complete measurement was made of the Coulomb dissociation of
8B nuclei on a Pb target at 83 MeV/nucleon. The cross section was measured at
low relative energies in order to infer the astrophysical S factor for the
7Be(p,gamma)8B reaction. A first-order perturbation theory analysis of the
reaction dynamics including E1, E2, and M1 transitions was employed to extract
the E1 strength relevant to neutrino-producing reactions in the solar interior.
By fitting the measured cross section from Erel = 130 keV to 400 keV, we find
S17(0) = 17.8 (+1.4, -1.2) eV b
Spectroscopy of Po
Prompt, in-beam rays following the reaction Yb + 142 MeV
Si were measured at the ATLAS facility using 10 Compton-suppressed Ge
detectors and the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Transitions in Po were
identified and placed using -ray singles and coincidence data gated on
the mass of the evaporation residues. A level spectrum up to
J10 was established. The structure of Po is more
collective than that observed in the heavier polonium isotopes and indicates
that the structure has started to evolve towards the more collective nature
expected for deformed nuclei.Comment: 8 pages, revtex 3.0, 4 figs. available upon reques
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