Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk: The United Nations World Water Development Report 4

This report introduces new aspects of water issues: 1) it reintroduces the 12 challenge area reports that provided the foundation for the first two World Water Development Reports (WWDR); 2) 4 new reports on water quality, groundwater, gender, and desertification, land degradation and drought; 3) in recognition that the global challenges of water can vary considerably across countries and regions, a series of 5 regional reports have been included; 4) a deeper analysis of the main external forces of freshwater resources and possibilities for their future evolution; 5) managing water under uncertainty and risk

k-Dirac operator and parabolic geometries

The principal group of a Klein geometry has canonical left action on the homogeneous space of the geometry and this action induces action on the spaces of sections of vector bundles over the homogeneous space. This paper is about construction of differential operators invariant with respect to the induced action of the principal group of a particular type of parabolic geometry. These operators form sequences which are related to the minimal resolutions of the k-Dirac operators studied in Clifford analysis

Effect of Gonadotropins during Hot Summer Season Given at Different Times after Weaning on Selected Reproductive Indicators of the Sow

The experiment was performed on a large indoor herd during a hot season period in Alföld, Hungary. The post-weaning sows (F1 and F2 of Large White × Landrace mated to Duroc boars (mean parity 3.4 +/-0.7 SD; mean body condition 3.01 +/-0.3 SD, previous lactation length of 28.3 +/-1.5 d) were divided into four groups of similar body condition, lactation length and parity and were treated as follows: Group 1: sows (n = 420) were injected subcutaneously with 400 I.U. of Gonadotropinum sericum (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, PMSG [eCG]) and 200 I.U. of Gonadotropinum chorionicum (human choriongonadotropin, HCG [hCG]) one day after weaning. Group 2: sows (n = 405) received subcutaneously 4 ml of saline injection one day after weaning. Group 3: sows (n = 425), purposely chosen from among animals that did not show heat within 7 days after weaning, were treated on day 7 post-weaning with PMSG and HCG as the animals in group 1. Group 4: sows (n = 415) purposely chosen from among animals that did not show heat within 7 days after weaning, were treated on day 7 post-weaning as group 2. Sows expressing oestrus, sows ovulating after treatment, treatment to oestrus intervals and follicular sizes were evaluated. The number of sows expressing oestrus, sows ovulating, and treatment to oestrus intervals differed between the groups (group 1 vs. 2: P P P P P < 0.01). The present results show that the gonadotropin treatment one day after weaning or in the case of anoestrus 7 days after weaning overrides the negative effects of the hot summer season and effectively prevents seasonal infertility of the breeding sow

Correlations of Prepartum Body Temperature and Postpartum Fever of Sows with Vulvovaginal Discharge: a Case Report

In a large pig breeding unit, sows suffering from prepartum vulvovaginal discharge were selected (n = 159) for the trial. Rectal temperatures were recorded daily on days 110-113 of pregnancy and during the first 3 days post partum. Fifty-two sows (group one) had higher than 39.0°C (39.3 ± 0.3 SE °C), 107 sows (group two) had lower than 39.0 °C (38.6 ± 0.2 SE °C) &quot;three days average prepartal rectal temperatures&quot;. While all sows in group one developed postparturient fever (40.5 ± 0.2 SE °C), only 19 of 107 (17.8%) sows with lower prepartum temperatures had postparturient fever (P &lt; 0.001). Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3 and 5 post partum to determine the concentration of acute phase proteins. Mean serum alpha 1-acid glycoproteins (AGP) and haptoglobin (HPT) concentrations were higher on days 1, 3 and 5 (P &lt; 0.001) post partum in sows suffering postparturient fever. Our results have shown that in farrowing units with high prevalence of preparturient vulvovaginal discharges, prefarrowing rectal temperatures might indicate impending postparturient disease of the sow. Swine, sow, parturition, prepartum body temperature, postpartum fever vulvovaginal discharg