Homogeneous earthquake catalogue for Northeast region of India using robust statistical approaches

Regular seismic hazard assessment requires essentially an updated and refined homogenous earthquake catalogue for the study region. Here, we have compiled the earthquake data for Northeast region of India in a chronological order from International Seismological Centre and Global Centroid Moment Tensor databases during the period 1 January 1900 to 31 April 2016. For this purpose, the regression techniques such as least square (SR), inverse least square (ISR), orthogonal (OR) and generalized orthogonal (GOR) which is the best one, out of that are employed for converting different types of magnitude scales, such as surface-wave magnitude (MS), body-wave magnitude (mb) and local magnitude (ML) into a single homogenized moment magnitude, MW. The homogenized catalogue is then treated with 'runs test' to estimate p-value of 0.8421 which suggest no spurious reporting on the catalogue. The prepared catalogue has also been declustered using standard procedure. Furthermore, the magnitude of completeness for space and time with 90% confidence level has been achieved. The seismicity parameters, namely magnitude of completeness MC, a-value and b-value are found to be 4.6, 7.50 and 0.95(±0.023), respectively. The observed low b-value implies that the study region is tectonically very active with the presence of asperity

Frequency dependent attenuation of seismic waves for Delhi and surrounding area, India

The attenuation properties of Delhi &amp; surrounding region have been investigated using 62 local earthquakes recorded at nine stations. The frequency dependent quality factors Qa (using P-waves) and Qb (using S-waves) have been determined using the coda normalization method. Quality factor of coda-waves (Qc) has been estimated using the single backscattering model in the frequency range from 1.5 Hz to 9 Hz. Wennerberg formulation has been used to estimate Qi (intrinsic attenuation parameter) and Qs (scattering attenuation parameter) for the region. The values Qa, Qb, Qc, Qi and Qs estimated are frequency dependent in the range of 1.5Hz-9Hz. Frequency dependent relations are estimated as Qa=52f1.03, Qb=98f1.07 and Qc=158f0.97. Qc estimates lie in between the values of Qi and Qs but closer to Qi at all central frequencies. Comparison between Qi and Qs shows that intrinsic absorption is predominant over scattering for Delhi and surrounding region. </p

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Not AvailableElucidation of the molecular pathogenesis underlying virus-host interactions is important for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection in chickens. However, the pathogenesis of HPAI virus in chickens is not completely understood. To identify the intracellular signaling pathways and critical host proteins associated with influenza pathogenesis, we analyzed the lung proteome of a chicken infected with HPAI H5N1 virus (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011/Agartala). Mass spectrometry data sets were searched against the chicken UniProt reference database. At the local false discovery rate level of 5%, a total of 3313 proteins with the presence of at least one unique peptide were identified in the chicken lung proteome datasets. Differential expression analysis of these proteins showed that 247 and 1754 proteins were downregulated at 12 h and 48 h postinfection, respectively. We observed expression of proteins of the predominant signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and JAK-STAT signaling. Activation of these pathways is associated with the cytokine storm effect and thus may be the cause of the severity of HPAI H5N1 infection in chickens. We also observed the expression of myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKBKB), interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), RELA proto-oncogene NF-κB subunit (RELA), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), which are involved in critical signaling pathways, as well as other, less-commonly identified proteins such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (COPS5), cullin 1 (CUL1), breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), and the FYN proto-oncogene Src family tyrosine kinase (FYN) as main hub proteins that might play important roles in influenza pathogenesis in chickens. In summary, we identified the signaling pathways and the proteomic determinants associated with disease pathogenesis in chickens infected with HPAI H5N1 virus.Not Availabl