71 research outputs found
Neonatal and Adult ICU Ventilators to Provide Ventilation in Neonates, Infants, and Children: A Bench Model Study
Endothelial cells and pulmonary arterial hypertension: apoptosis, proliferation, interaction and transdifferentiation
Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, whether idiopathic or secondary, is characterized by structural alterations of microscopically small pulmonary arterioles. The vascular lesions in this group of pulmonary hypertensive diseases show actively proliferating endothelial cells without evidence of apoptosis. In this article, we review pathogenetic concepts of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and explain the term "complex vascular lesion ", commonly named "plexiform lesion", with endothelial cell dysfunction, i.e., apoptosis, proliferation, interaction with smooth muscle cells and transdifferentiation
Measurement of functional residual capacity in the critically ill. Relevance for the assessment of respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation
New Generation Neonatal High Frequency Ventilators: Effect of Oscillatory Frequency and Working Principles on Performance
Acute symptomatic hyponatremia and cerebral salt wasting after head injury: an important clinical entity
Hyponatremia is a well known complication of traumatic and nontraumatic cerebral injury, often related to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Nonetheless, it also can be associated with a different entity, the syndrome of cerebral salt wasting (CSW). The authors report the case of a 4.5-year-old boy presenting with major head injury who at day 6 after admission had generalized tonic-clonic seizures caused by severe acute hyponatremia (serum sodium level, 119 mmol/L) and signs of dehydration. Despite initial isotonic rehydration, hyponatremia persisted because of excessive renal salt losses and concomitant enormous water losses, necessitating increasing amounts of sodium, up to 160 mmol/kg/d, and large amounts of intravenous fluids, up to 27 L/d. Highly increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) confirmed the diagnosis of CSW. The occurrence of a CSW has to be recognized early in the clinical course for adequate treatment and remains one of the important differential diagnosis of SIADH in hyponatremic states in patients with cerebral disorders, especially after head injury
Lung recruitment and lung volume maintenance: a strategy for improving oxygenation and preventing lung injury during both conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillation
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