EVALUATION OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATA LINN. FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION, AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial efficacy, α-glucosidase inhibition and various phytochemical constituents of Aristolochia bracteolata Linn.Methods: Soxhlet extraction by using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents, antimicrobial, α-glucosidase inhibition assay, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical estimation.Results: The results revealed that the methanolic extract showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was against Bacillus subtilis (24 mm), Yersinia enterocholitica (22 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (20 mm) at the concentration of 5 mg/ml of extract. Methanolic extract showed MIC value of 250 μg/ml against all the fungal pathogens. The methanol extract showed 78.27% of α-glucosidase inhibition. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates in methanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract were 103.21±1.23 mg catechol equivalents/100 g extract and 53.01±1.78 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g respectively.Conclusion: The results conclude that the extracts of Aristolochia bracteolata exert multiple biological properties due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols. It is also an effective glucosidase inhibitor. It can be used to obtain novel antibacterial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases in future.Key words: Aristolochia bracteolata Linn, Phytochemical, Phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial activity, α-glucosidase inhibition.Â

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE FORMULATED L2 BASED HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) caused cervical cancer the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the most common cancer in developing countries like India. Though, currently type specific prophylactic vaccine have been developed, there is a need for cross protective virus neutralizing vaccine. In this study we have tried to show the multi-epitope vaccine and check the final Alum adjuvant formulated vaccine antibody titer.Methods: Our study was targeted to analyses the in vivo vaccine efficacy of the aluminum adjuvant formulated recombinant multi epitope antigen with two different grades of aluminum phosphate (pH 5.5 & 6.4). Neutralizing antibody titters against the major neutralizing epitope 17-36 aa region of the N-terminal domain.Results: The results of this study showed that the final aluminium adjuvant recombinant L2 based multi-epitope vaccine produced antibody against 17-36 peptide one of the proven major virus neutralizing epitope.Conclusion: L2 based multi-epitope recombinant antigen formulated with aluminium adjuvant can be an low cost, broadly protective HPV vaccine.Keywords: Human papilloma virus L2, Multi-epitope recombinant vaccine, Aluminum adjuvant.Â

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICIENCY AND ΑLPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION OF RUBUS ELLIPTICUS SMITH. LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemicals, antimicrobial and α-glucosidase inhibition effects of Rubus ellipticus.Methods: Various solvent extracts were investigated for its phytochemical analysis. Total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) weredetermined by using standard methods. The extracts of R. ellipticus were tested for antimicrobial activity and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition effect.Results: The phytochemical tests revealed the presence of phytocontituents significantly in methanol extract with high TPC and TFC. Methanol extractshowed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and negative strains, as well as a strong antifungal activity. The maximum inhibitionzone is found against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (22, 17 and 18 mm) respectively. Againstfungus the inhibition zone ranged between 19 mm and 23 mm. Methanolic extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration value with 32.5 μg/mlagainst S. aureus, 62.55 μg/ml against MRSA, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum 15 μg/ml against Aspergillus niger.The methanol extracts and standard acarobose showed significant α-glucosidase inhibition effect with 86.14% and 92.46%.Conclusions: Correlation achieved by antimicrobial activity and α-glucosidase inhibition of R. ellipticus and its chemical composition insinuates thatthe activities may be easily ascribed to phenolic compound and flavonoids present in the high percentage in the leaf. Thus, our findings could providea basis of future studies on R. ellipticus leaves used in food and pharmaceutical applications.Keywords: Rubus ellipticus, Phytochemical, Phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial activity, α-glucosidase inhibition

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF GARCINIA MANGOSTANA

  Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of Garcinia mangostana leaves.Methods: The powdered leaf was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol. The extracts were subjected to quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The best solvent extract was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.Results: The highest activity was recorded in EA extract which was subjected to GC-MS analysis revealing the presence of squalene (17.09%).Conclusion: From this present study, we conclude that EA is the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds from the leaves of G. mangostana

THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ZN AND NI ON GROWTH OF IN VITRO HAIRY ROOT CULTURES OF INDIAN MUSTARD Brassica juncea L

ABSTRACT: Roots are the plant parts which facilitate the primary contact between a plant and pollutant and culturing of genetically transformed hairy roots of hyperaccumulator plant sp.Brassica juncea L. grown in vitro was established to study the potential of in vitro hairy root cultures for the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals (Ni and Zn) for their growth and biomass from an aquatic environment. At elevated concentrations of Ni and Zn metals, hairy roots showed an exponential growth and accumulation. In lower concentrations, Zn might have no effect on growth of root biomass and also found to be it caused no dramatic decrease in root growth even they are accumulated. At higher concentrations of Zn, B. Juncea hairy roots was not only found to be tolerent to Zn and also had capacity to increase their root biomass and no growth retardation was seen. All concentrations of Ni showed a drastic change in root biomass growth irrespective of the duration of incubation periods. Ni in higher concentrations caused an exponential increase in root biomass growth and Ni showed no toxicity symptoms in hairy roots even at higher concentrations for longer time upto 8 weeks of our study period and Ni was found to be an essential micronutrient for the growth of hairy root biomass. From this study, it was cleared and concluded that hairy roots of in vitro grown hyperaccumulator plant culture system could be the useful and effective model (as it needs metals for their root biomass growth) to study the metal uptake and accumulation from an aquatic environments

<i style="">In vitro </i>propagation of <i style="">Justicia gendarussa </i>Burm. f.–A medicinal plant

246-248An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. has been developed. MS medium supplemented with NAA induced prolific callus in both leaf and nodal explants. Organogenic and chlorophyllous calli were produced at lower concentrations of NAA (1.0 mg L‑1) and BAP (0.1 mg L-1). Thick and long roots with numerous root hairs were produced with NAA (1.0 mg L-1) and BAP (0.1 mg L-1). Long shoots were also formed. Of the in vitro grown 120 plantlets transferred to the field 94% survived after 2 months of transplantation to natural environment

OPTIMIZATION OF GROWTH AND BIOACTIVE METABOLITE PRODUCTION: FUSARIUM SOLANI.

The present study aimed to evaluate optimize the growth and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Tylophora indica. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristic, the isolate was identified as Fusarium solani. Modified liquid medium (M2D) was used as a basal medium for growth and antibacterial activity. The growth and metabolite production were optimized with 4% dextrose, 0.05% yeast extract and aspartic acid (0.01%) as carbon, nitrogen and amino acid respectively. The optimum pH and temperature of the strain were 6.0, 25±2 °C observed for growth and secondary metabolite production. The 9th day was found to be optimum incubation period of growth and secondary metabolite production. The metabolite showed maximum inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis, lowest inhibition zone was against Yersinia enterocolitica. The ESI-MS analysis of bio active compound shows the peak at 301m/z. Key words: Endophytic fungus, Tylophora indica, antibacterial activity, Medium Optimization, ESI -M

Immunosuppressive effect of medicinal plants of Kolli hills on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Four medicinal plant species were collected from the Kolli hills of Tamil Nadu and were screened for their immunosuppressive effect. The plants were shade dried and extracted with methanol. The crude methanol extracts were tested for inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation via lymphocyte proliferation assay by 3thymidine uptake. The test plants were Justicia gendarussa   , Plumbago indica   , Aloe vera   , and Aegle marmelos   . Among the plants tested J. gendarussa (100 µg/ml) showed the highest lymphocyte inhibition (84%). Sequential extraction of J. gendarussa in various solvents (n-hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and water) confirmed that all of the above extracts at 50 µg/ml, aqueous extract inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. Further, 17 high performance liquid chromatography fractions were collected for the aqueous extract and fraction no. 15 showed maximum inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. The present study indicates that these extracts should be investigated further for the possible presence of immunosuppressive components