On the Quantum Jarzynski Identity

In this note, we will discuss how to compactly express and prove the Jarzynski identity for an open quantum system with dissipative dynamics. We will avoid explicitly measuring the work directly, which is tantamount to continuously monitoring the system, and instead measure the heat flow from the environment. We represent the measurement of heat flow with Hermitian map superoperators that act on the system density matrix. Hermitian maps provide a convenient and compact representation of sequential measurement and correlation functions.Comment: 4 page

Use of Lobeline Compounds in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases and Pathologies

Lobeline and nicotine evoke [3H]overflow from rat striatal slices preloaded with [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA). The lobeline-evoked overflow is calcium-independent and not antagonized by mecamylamine, suggesting a mechanism of action other than the stimulation of nicotinic receptors. Whereas nicotine stimulates nicotinic receptors, lobeline inhibits [3H]DA uptake into synaptic vesicles and striatal synaptosomes. The results suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for the increase in striatal DA release evoked by lobeline and nicotine. [3H]-Dihydrotetrabenazine [3H]DTBZ), used routinely to probe a high-affinity binding site-on the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) binds to vesicle membranes from rat striatum. Lobeline inhibits [3H]DTBZ binding with an IC50 of 0.90 μM, consistent with its IC50 of 0.88 μM for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake into vesicles. These results suggest that the action of lobeline is similar to that of amphetamine and that it specifically interacts with DTBZ sites on VMAT2 to inhibit DA uptake into synaptic vesicles. d-amphetamine inhibits [3H]DTBZ binding to vesicle membranes with an IC50 of 39.4 μM, a concentration 20 times greater than reported for inhibition of VMAT2 function, suggesting that d-amphetamine interacts with a different site than lobeline on VMAT2 to inhibit monoamine uptake. These results suggest the use of lobeline and analogs thereof in treating individuals for diseases and pathologies of the central nervous system

Lobeline Compounds as a Treatment for Psychostimulant Abuse and Withdrawal, and for Eating Disorders

Methods are disclosed that suggest the use of lobeline and analogs thereof in treating individuals for drug dependence and withdrawal and for eating disorders

Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Neuropharmacological Disorders

Nicotine analogs that have nicotinic receptor antagonist properties. These compounds have been shown to competitively inhibit dopamine release induced by nicotine. The nicotine analog compounds are useful in the treatment of nicotine abuse, smoking cessation therapy, as an antidote for nicotine intoxication, treatment of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer\u27s disease and for the treatment of Parkinson\u27s disease

Non-equilibrium Relations for Spin Glasses with Gauge Symmetry

We study the applications of non-equilibrium relations such as the Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorem to spin glasses with gauge symmetry. It is shown that the exponentiated free-energy difference appearing in the Jarzynski equality reduces to a simple analytic function written explicitly in terms of the initial and final temperatures if the temperature satisfies a certain condition related to gauge symmetry. This result is used to derive a lower bound on the work done during the non-equilibrium process of temperature change. We also prove identities relating equilibrium and non-equilibrium quantities. These identities suggest a method to evaluate equilibrium quantities from non-equilibrium computations, which may be useful to avoid the problem of slow relaxation in spin glasses.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to JPS

Method of producing superplastic alloys and superplastic alloys produced by the method

A method for producing new superplastic alloys by inducing in an alloy the formation of precipitates having a sufficient size and homogeneous distribution that a sufficiently refined grain structure to produce superplasticity is obtained after subsequent PSN processing. An age-hardenable alloy having at least one dispersoid phase is selected for processing. The alloy is solution heat-treated and cooled to form a supersaturated solid solution. The alloy is plastically deformed sufficiently to form a high-energy defect structure useful for the subsequent heterogeneous nucleation of precipitates. The alloy is then aged, preferably by a multi-stage low and high temperature process, and precipitates are formed at the defect sites. The alloy then is subjected to a PSN process comprising plastically deforming the alloy to provide sufficient strain energy in the alloy to ensure recrystallization, and statically recrystallizing the alloy. A grain structure exhibiting new, fine, equiaxed and uniform grains is produced in the alloy. An exemplary 6xxx alloy of the type capable of being produced by the present invention, and which is useful for aerospace, automotive and other applications, is disclosed and claimed. The process is also suitable for processing any age-hardenable aluminum or other alloy

Cis-2,6-Disubstituted Piperidines for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Abuse and Withdrawal, Eating Disorders, and Central Nervous System Diseases and Pathologies

Cis-2,6-disubstituted piperdine analogs, or lobeline analogs, having the general formula... To see the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent

Bridged Nicotine Compounds for Use in the Treatment of CNS Pathologies

Pharmaceutical compounds comprising bridged nicotine analogs of N-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) having selective antagonist properties at α3β2-containing nicotinic receptor subtypes, and compositions containing these compounds. The compounds and compositions are used to treat central nervous system pathologies

Cis-2,6-Disubstituted Piperidines for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Abuse and Withdrawal, Eating Disorders, and Central Nervous System Diseases and Pathologies

Cis-2,6-disubstituted piperdine analogs, or lobeline analogs, having the general formula: To see the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent

Nonequilibrium work on spin glasses in longitudinal and transverse fields

We derive a number of exact relations between equilibrium and nonequilibrium quantities for spin glasses in external fields using the Jarzynski equality and gauge symmetry. For randomly-distributed longitudinal fields, a lower bound is established for the work done on the system in nonequilibrium processes, and identities are proven to relate equilibrium and nonequilibrium quantities. In the case of uniform transverse fields, identities are proven between physical quantities and exponentiated work done to the system at different parts of the phase diagram with the context of quantum annealing in mind. Additional relations are given, which relate the exponentiated work in quantum and simulated (classical) annealing. It is also suggested that the Jarzynski equality may serve as a guide to develop a method to perform quantum annealing under non-adiabatic conditions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JPS