Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United Kingdom: A personality-based perspective on concerns and intention to self-isolate

Objectives Public behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID‐19). Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination of individual differences in some relevant psychological factors. Design Cross‐sectional psychometric. Methods UK respondents (N = 202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST‐PQ), measures of illness attitudes, concerns about the impact of coronavirus on health services and socio‐economic infrastructures, personal safety, and likelihood of voluntary self‐isolation. Results Respondents most concerned were older, had negative illness attitudes, and scored higher on reward reactivity (RR), indicating the motivation to take positive approach action despite prevailing worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance) scores. Results suggest people are experiencing psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable (RR‐related) life. Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity. Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate. Conclusions Interventions need to consider individual differences in psychological factors in behaviour change, and we discuss relevant literature to inform policy makers and communicators

Visuospatial memory in dyslexia: evidence for strategic deficits.

Impairments in working memory are suggested to be one of the defining characteristics of dyslexia, and deficits in verbal recall are well documented. However, the situation regarding visuospatial memory is less clear. In a widely used measure, the Corsi blocks task, sequences of visuospatial locations can be recalled forwards, in the order presented (CF), or backwards, in reverse order (CB). Previous research has suggested that, while CF draws on spatial-sequential resources, CB may load executive and distinctly visual processes. While people with dyslexia typically show no deficit on CF, CB is rarely presented. We present three studies which indicate a consistent dyslexic deficit on CB that can be ameliorated by visual strategy instructions. Our data suggest that, without instruction, people with dyslexia are unable to adopt an effective CB strategy and this is consistent with a deficit in executive function. These results have implications for our understanding of visuospatial memory in dyslexia, and also in terms of the administration of the Corsi task to special populations

The Optimal Single Copy Measurement for the Hidden Subgroup Problem

The optimization of measurements for the state distinction problem has recently been applied to the theory of quantum algorithms with considerable successes, including efficient new quantum algorithms for the non-abelian hidden subgroup problem. Previous work has identified the optimal single copy measurement for the hidden subgroup problem over abelian groups as well as for the non-abelian problem in the setting where the subgroups are restricted to be all conjugate to each other. Here we describe the optimal single copy measurement for the hidden subgroup problem when all of the subgroups of the group are given with equal a priori probability. The optimal measurement is seen to be a hybrid of the two previously discovered single copy optimal measurements for the hidden subgroup problem.Comment: 8 pages. Error in main proof fixe

Coherence-Preserving Quantum Bits

Real quantum systems couple to their environment and lose their intrinsic quantum nature through the process known as decoherence. Here we present a method for minimizing decoherence by making it energetically unfavorable. We present a Hamiltonian made up solely of two-body interactions between four two-level systems (qubits) which has a two-fold degenerate ground state. This degenerate ground state has the property that any decoherence process acting on an individual physical qubit must supply energy from the bath to the system. Quantum information can be encoded into the degeneracy of the ground state and such coherence-preserving qubits will then be robust to local decoherence at low bath temperatures. We show how this quantum information can be universally manipulated and indicate how this approach may be applied to a quantum dot quantum computer.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Performance for futures (Intellectual Output 3)

Performance for Futures students are invite to experiment with a more embodied way of using the future by means of three powerful theatric ‘acts’. In ACT 1 students can experiment with the concept of status, which may increase self-awareness about their status (and that of others) in challenging situations, and empower them to take conscious action to positively affect it. In ACT 2 students are invited to engage with devising and dramaturgy, two stages in a theatre-making process, and perform a variety of futures for themselves to discover how they relate to these futures. In ACT 3 students will be introduced to image theatre techniques that will help them get ‘out of their heads’ and ‘into their bodies’. Embodying their imagined futures will allow them to give actual, physical shape to their emotions and feelings related to their imagined futures

Copyright 101

The presenter discusses many aspects of copyright and fair use. He also provides helpful resources for self-evaluating if using certain materials in the classroom may be acceptable due to copyright law

Exploring Fake News and Alternative Facts

This session will focus on how to spot fake news. Several steps will be outlined to verify the accuracy of everything from email chain letters to websites to Facebook postings. Included in the session will be information on known fake news sites, and key characteristics of bogusness. Time will be provided to questions and discussion

A Conversation with Your Phone Plus Googling for Answers

How intelligent is your phone? What type of questions can you (and your students) ask and expect to get answered using your smartphone? In this session, you’ll explore over two dozen types of questions you can ask using the iPhone’s Siri (an intelligent assistant that responds to natural language voice commands). The session also covers tips to better Google your way to the answers you need using the most popular search engine on mobile devices and the web

Applications of PB-210/RA-226 and PO-210/PB-210 disequilibria in the study of marine geochemical processes

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution November, 1975The distribution of Pb-210 and Po-210 in dissolved (0.4 micron) phases has been measured at ten stations in the tropical and eastern North Atlantic and at two stations in the Pacific. Both radionuclides occur principally in the dissolved phase. Unsupported Pb-210 activities, maintained by flux from the atmosphere, are present in the surface mixed layer and penetrate into the thermocline to depths of about 500 m. Dissolved Po-210 is ordinarily present in the mixed layer at less than equilibrium concentrations, suggesting rapid biological removal of this nuclide. Particulate matter is enriched in Po-210, with Po-210/Pb-210 activity ratios greater than 1.0, similar to those reported for phytoplankton. Box-model calculations yield a 2-y residence time for Pb-210 and a 0.6-y residence time for Po-210 in the mixed layer. These residence times are considerably longer than the time calculated for turnover of particles in the mixed layer (about 0.1 y). At depths of 100-300 m, Po-210 maxima occur and unsupported Po-210 is frequently present. Calculations indicate that at least 50% of the Po-210 removed from the mixed layer is recycled within the thermocline. Similar calculations for Pb-210 suggest much lower recycling efficiencies. Comparison of the Pb-210 distribution with the reported distribution of Ra-226 at nearby GEOSECS. stations has confirmed the widespread existence of a Pb-210/Ra-226 disequilibrium in the deep sea. Vertical profiles of particulate Pb-210 were used to test the hypothesis that Pb-210 is removed from deepwater by in situ scavenging. With the exception of one profile taken near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, significant vertical gradients in particulate Pb-210 concentration were not observed, and it is necessary to invoke exceptionally high particle sinking velocities (>10 m/d) to account for the inferred Pb-210 flux. It is proposed that an additional sink for Pb-210 in the deep sea must be sought. Estimates of the dissolved Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio at depths greater than 1,000 m range from 0.2 to 0.8 and reveal a systematic increase, in both vertical and horizontal directions, with increasing distance from the sea floor. This observation implies rapid scavenging of Pb-210 at the sediment-water interface and is consistent with a horizontal eddy diffusivity of 3-6 x 107 cm2/s. The more reactive element Po, on the other hand, shows evidence of rapid in situ scavenging. In filtered sea water, Po-210 is deficient, on the average, by ca. 10% relative to Pb-210; a corresponding enrichment is found in the particulate phase. Total inventories of Pb-210 and Po-210 over the entire water column, however, show no significant departure from secular equilibrium, and reliable estimates of particle sinking rates cannot be made.Prepared under National Science Foundation Grant GA-41061 and U.S.A.E.C. Contract AT(11-1)