DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE ETHOSOMES

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the development of ethosomal drug delivery system for site-specific topical delivery of rizatriptan benzoate (RBZ) for sustained action.Methods: In the present study ethosomes were prepared using the cold method. The formulation was optimized using 33 full factorial designs. The lipid concentration (X1), ethanol concentration (X2) and stirring speed (X3) were selected as independent factors and the vesicle size (Y1) and % entrapment efficiency (Y2) were selected as dependent variables.Results: The equation of multiple regression revealed that there was no significant interaction among factors. The lipid concentration had a positive effect on vesicle size while ethanol concentration and stirring speed had a negative effect. For entrapment efficiency, all factors showed a positive effect while lipid concentrative found to be the main influencing factor. The formulation F4E459 (4% SPC, 45% v/v ethanol 900 RPM), which was characterized by optimum vesicle size (5.5 µm) and high entrapment efficiency (93.32%), was considered to be an optimal formulation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that RBZ ethosome have a smooth surface. The polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were found to be 0.493±0.021and–21.3 mV respectively. In vitro permeation through rat abdominal skin from the ethosomal gel followed Higuchi diffusion model over a period of 8 h.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly indicated a promising potential of ethosomal carrier system of RBZ for migraine treatment with a topical approach for sustained action

Berry phase from a quantum Zeno effect

We exhibit a specific implementation of the creation of geometrical phase through the state-space evolution generated by the dynamic quantum Zeno effect. That is, a system is guided through a closed loop in Hilbert space by means a sequence of closely spaced projections leading to a phase difference with respect to the original state. Our goal is the proposal of a specific experimental setup in which this phase could be created and observed. To this end we study the case of neutron spin, examine the practical aspects of realizing the "projections," and estimate the difference between the idealized projections and the experimental implementation.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

COFORMER SELECTION: AN IMPORTANT TOOL IN COCRYSTAL FORMATION

Cocrystals are multicomponent system in which one component is Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and another is called coformer. So coformer selection is one of the main challenge in cocrystal development which is compatible with API. A general approach to coformer selection is by tactless†cocrystal screening, whereby a predetermined library of pharmaceutically acceptable/approved compounds is used to attempt cocrystallization. In cocrystal development one of the approach of coformer selection is based on trial and error. Other approaches are supramolecular synthon approach which utilizes Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) to effectively prioritize coformers for crystal form screening, Hansen solubility parameter and knowledge of hydrogen bonding between coformer and API. In this review, all the parameters are explain and correlate with each other and with cocrystal formatio

Bio-activity of oils of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Pongamia pinnata

Different concentration of oils obtained from two plants species belonging to family Fabaceae i.e. Trigonella foenum-graecum and Pongamia pinnata were evaluated for their antifungal and antibacterial activity against Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by MIC determination and dry-weight method. Both the oils showed high degree of antimycotic and antibacterial activity. P. pinnata oil was more effective as compared to oil of T. foenum-gracecum. A.niger and S. aureus were more sensitive to oil of P. pinnata. Chemical analysis of oils performed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence offatty acids

ENHANCEMENT FOR DATA SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Cloud computing, a rapidly developing information technology, has aroused the concern of the whole world. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and information, are provided to computers and devices on-demand, like the electricity grid. Cloud computing is the product of the fusion of traditional computing technology and network technology like grid computing, distributed computing parallel computing and so on. It aims to construct a perfect system with powerful computing capability through a large number of relatively low-cost computing entity, and using the advanced business model like SaaS (Software as a Service) to distribute the powerful computing capacity to end users’ hands. To address this longstanding limitation by building a multi-tenant system. Our system provides the environment for the user to perform his tasks, but with very high security. By using further facilities provided in this system user fill secure about his data and his account

Performance of Medium Access Control Protocol in WBAN for Energy Conservation

Wireless Communication and Wireless Networking is the popular research in this era. The combination of this is useful method for one step ahead to increase the life of human being who are part of different lifecycle are senior citizen, teen rage and the youth on this world. The issue is to increase the growth of all this living mankind from different serious diseases so the technology and communication is BAN (Body Area Network) through wireless is Wireless Body Area Network. We do the research on the Data link layer of the stack protocol used in WBAN, so to increase the life of battery having the energy with some constraint because one’s the energy is utilized we cannot extend its energy only by replacing the battery so the main innovation for the research will to create the proposed protocol using existing MAC protocol performance so the total energy used for the data transmission should be minimized to increase the battery life. Transmission of data is in different condition may be in Normal, On-demand and Traffic which leads to consume more energy to overcome this there are different MAC protocol for performance in WBAN like S-MAC, Wise-MAC with IEEE 802.15.6 standard

Naked Singularity of the Vaidya-deSitter Spacetime and Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis

We investigate the formation of a locally naked singularity in the collapse of radiation shells in an expanding Vaidya-deSitter background. This is achieved by considering the behaviour of non-spacelike and radial geodesics originating at the singularity. A specific condition is determined for the existence of radially outgoing, null geodesics originating at the singularity which, when this condition is satisfied, becomes locally naked. This condition turns out to be the same as that in the collapse of radiation shells in an asymptotically flat background. Therefore, we have, at least for the case considered here, established that the asymptotic flatness of the spacetime is not essential for the development of a locally naked singularity. Our result then unequivocally supports the view that no special role be given to asymptotic observers (or, for that matter, any set of observers) in the formulation of the Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis.Comment: submitted Oct. 1997, Revised Version, to be published Gen. Rel. Grav., Latex file, 9 page

Equilibration problem for the generalized Langevin equation

We consider the problem of equilibration of a single oscillator system with dynamics given by the generalized Langevin equation. It is well-known that this dynamics can be obtained if one considers a model where the single oscillator is coupled to an infinite bath of harmonic oscillators which are initially in equilibrium. Using this equivalence we first determine the conditions necessary for equilibration for the case when the system potential is harmonic. We then give an example with a particular bath where we show that, even for parameter values where the harmonic case always equilibrates, with any finite amount of nonlinearity the system does not equilibrate for arbitrary initial conditions. We understand this as a consequence of the formation of nonlinear localized excitations similar to the discrete breather modes in nonlinear lattices.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure