Counterpoint: The Musical Analogy, Periodicity, and Rural Urban Dynamics

Every thesis calls for its antithesis, and every revolution prompts a counterrevolution—this takes place within the same generation as well as across intergenerational oscillations (Gassett 1958, Sennett 1974). Enlightenment thinkers were critical of the Humanist tradition of analogical thinking—their own encyclopedic enthusiasm was intent upon creating a lexicon of the world, an ambition that has been assiduously realized in contemporary Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and empirical attitudes toward industrial agriculture and managerial urbanization. However, languages are comprised of two parts—a lexicon and grammar—and analogical thinking, focused as it is on seeing relationships between parts, is particularly well suited to provide conceptual frameworks for contextual design. To harness the power of polemics, we can anticipate that at least two conceptual paradigms, polarities to one another, are needed at any given moment—and that these are best conceived of as, to paraphrase Sébastien Marot, “opposite, but not exclusive of one another” (Marot 2003). Further, as any given analogy will inevitably prompt justifiable reactions against it, I propose that we work between those two oldest and most enduring architectural analogies: the biological analogy (on growth and form) and the musical analogy (on composition and form). Of these, the biological analogy is clearly in ascendancy—see, for example, Philip Steadman’s seminal The Evolution of Designs: The Biological Analogy in Architecture and the Applied Arts (Steadman 1979, 2008) or Lynn Margulis’ The Basic Unit of Life (Margulis 2010). Hence, this sustained reflection on the musical analogy, made with a view to its instrumentality for composing rural urban dynamics in relation to existing landscapes

Crescimento e sobrevivência da ostra de fundo, Crassostrea gasar, cultivada no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil.

This study evaluated the growth, survival, and time to reach the minimum market size (50 mm shell height) of the bottom oyster Crassostrea gasar with seeds produced at hatchery. Culture areas were located in the States of Maranhão [1-Morro do Meio (MM); 2-Torto (TT)] and Santa Catarina [1-São Francisco do Sul (SFS); 2-Florianópolis (SB)]. Eight thousand seeds were transferred to each location and cultivated from June 2012 to July 2013. Oyster growth in Santa Catarina was bigger than in Maranhão..

Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic

Genetic analyses of oyster seeds collected from settlement plates (in southeast Brazil Santa Catarina, N = 207) and from marsh plants (Argentina, Samborombón Bay, N = 20) revealed that most seeds did not belong to any of the oyster species recorded for the Atlantic. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I and large ribosomal subunit) and nuclear (ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2) sequences positioned that species in the Asian oyster cluster of Crassostrea, suggesting an invasive origin and identifying the species as C. talonata, a species described for China and also recently found in Peru. The predominance of this species in cultivation settlement plates indicates that it outcompetes C. gasar, native of the South-Atlantic, making it a nuisance species for oyster cultivation. Since specimens of C. talonata have been found from the mouth of the Amazon to the coast of Argentina, it is likely that the species has a large ecological plasticity and possibly a strong invasive capacity, making it a major threat to oyster culture in the area. This is the first record of C. talonata for the Atlantic.Fil: Cavaleiro, Nathalia P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biología; BrasilFil: Lazoski, Cristiano. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biología; BrasilFil: Tureck, Cláudio R.. Universidade Da Região de Joinville; BrasilFil: Melo, Cláudio M.R.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: do Amaral, Vanessa S.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Lomovasky, Betina Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Absher, Theresinha M.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Solé-Cava, Antonio M.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biología; Brasi