The opposite of Dante's hell? The transfer of ideas for social housing at international congresses in the 1850s–1860s

With the advent of industrialization, the question of developing adequate housing for the emergent working classes became more pressing than before. Moreover, the problem of unhygienic houses in industrial cities did not stop at the borders of a particular nation-state; sometimes literally as pandemic diseases spread out 'transnationally'. It is not a coincidence that in the nineteenth century the number of international congresses on hygiene and social topics expanded substantially. However, the historiography about social policy in general and social housing in particular, has often focused on individual cases because of the different pace of industrial and urban development and is thus dominated by national perspectives. In this paper, I elaborate on transnational exchange processes and local adaptations and transformations. I focus on the transfer of the housing model of SOMCO in Mulhouse, (a French house building association) during social international congresses. I examine whether cross-national networking enabled and facilitated the implementation of ideas on the local scale. I will elaborate on the transmission and the local adaptation of the Mulhouse-model in Belgium. Convergences, divergences, and different factors that influenced the local transformations (personal choice, political situation, socioeconomic circumstances) will be taken into accoun

Altered Metabolism of Growth Hormone Receptor Mutant Mice: A Combined NMR Metabonomics and Microarray Study

Growth hormone is an important regulator of post-natal growth and metabolism. We have investigated the metabolic consequences of altered growth hormone signaling in mutant mice that have truncations at position 569 and 391 of the intracellular domain of the growth hormone receptor, and thus exhibit either low (around 30% maximum) or no growth hormone-dependent STATS signaling respectively. These mutants result in altered liver metabolism, obesity and insulin resistance

Contribuição de imagens SAR ERS-1 no monitoramento das transformações costeiras na Guiana Francesa

The French Guiana coast (320 km) is subjected to intense morphological changes linked to the fate of the wide Amazon input of particulates in the Tropical Westem Atlantic. Mudbanks, mudflats, modern cheniers and mangroves' evolution are under the strong influence of this dispersion system. The goal of the "Coastal Environrnent Programm" of ORSTOM Cayenne, presently conducted by M.T.PROST. is to identify the dominant coastal processes controlling these changes and to provide a better understanding of their action on different scales of time and space.Pages: 470-47

Examining the Econom(etr)ic Relevance of Discretizing Panel Data : an Application to the Belgian Labour Market

The object of this paper is to explore how to use administrative data for econometric purposes when these data measure total annual duration spent in various states. A basic issue addressed is whether the information extracted through categorising continuous data actually defines an economically meaningful concept of an individual position on the labour market. The main findings are that discretization indeed leads interpretable transitions on the labour market, and that the mobility between positions rather low in Belgium

Iron load and redox stress in skeletal muscle of aged rats.

Loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) is a major contributor to disability in old age. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to screen for changes in proteins, and cDNA profiling to assess transcriptional regulations in the gastrocnemius muscle of adult (4 months) and aged (30 months) male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty-five proteins were differentially expressed in aged muscle. Proteins and mRNA transcripts involved in redox homeostasis and iron load were increased, representing novel components that were previously not associated with sarcopenia. Tissue iron levels were elevated in senescence, paralleling an increase in transferrin. Proteins involved in redox homeostasis showed a complex pattern of changes with increased SOD1 and decreased SOD2. These results suggest that an elevated iron load is a significant component of sarcopenia with the potential to be exploited clinically, and that mitochondria of aged striated muscle may be more vulnerable to radicals produced in cell respiration

Absolute cross sections for the VUV optical absorption of Cl2O in the 6.5-9.7 eV energy range

The VUV photoabsorption spectrum of dichlorine monoxide has been recorded between 6.5 and 9.7 eV photon energies using the UK Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation facility. The spectrum consists of a broad structureless band centred at 7.25 eV followed by several vibrationally resolved high-intensity bands. The 7.25 eV band has been interpreted in terms of the excitation of a dissociative valence excited state while the higher-energy electronic bands (above 7.5 eV) have been classified into several (n = 3, 4) Rydberg states linked with the ionic ground state and its lowest-energy excited states. An analysis of the vibrational progressions associated with the excitation of the various Rydberg states has been completed. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V