32,074 research outputs found
THE MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELBOW ANGLE AND TORQUE
The elbow joint torque is correlated with the joint angle in a certain relationship. In order to understand the relationship between the elbow angle and the torque, we designed a static elbow tensiometer to measure the elbow angle and the torque. After a series of testing, we found that the accuracy and repeatability of the joint tensiometer performed well. Fifty-one healthy subjects performed maximal voluntary elbow flexion and extension in the joint tensiometer. In elbow flexion, the maximal torque produced at the 110-degree elbow angle. In elbow extension, the maximal torque produced is at the 30-degree elbow angle. The more elbow angle increases, the less torque is produced
Christian Literature in Chinese Contexts
Christianity in China has a history dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618â907 CE), when Allopenâthe first Nestorian missionaryâarrived there in 635. In the late sixteenth century, Matteo Ricci together with other Jesuit missionaries commenced the Catholic missions to China. Protestant Christianity in China began with Robert Morrison, of London Missionary Society, who first set foot in Canton in 1807. Over the centuries, the Western missionaries and Chinese believers were engaged in the enterprise of the translation, publication, and distribution of a large corpus of Christian literature in Chinese. While the extensive distribution of Chinese publications facilitated the propagation of Christianity, the Christian messages have been subtly re-presented, re-appropriated, and transformed by these works of Chinese Christian literature. This Special Issue entitled âChristian Literature in Chinese Contextsâ examines the multifarious dimensions of the production, translation, circulation, and reception of Christian literature (with âChristianâ and âliteratureâ in their broadest sense) against the cultural and sociopolitical contexts from the Tang period to modern China. The eight articles in this volume cover a variety of intriguing topics, including the literary/translation endeavors of Western missionaries in Chinese, the indigenous works of the Chinese Christians, the interaction between the Christian and Chinese literary traditions, Chinese reception of the Bible, and numerous other relevant concepts
Stretched Polymers in a Poor Solvent
Stretched polymers with attractive interaction are studied in two and three
dimensions. They are described by biased self-avoiding random walks with
nearest neighbour attraction. The bias corresponds to opposite forces applied
to the first and last monomers. We show that both in and a phase
transition occurs as this force is increased beyond a critical value, where the
polymer changes from a collapsed globule to a stretched configuration. This
transition is second order in and first order in . For we
predict the transition point quantitatively from properties of the unstretched
polymer. This is not possible in , but even there we can estimate the
transition point precisely, and we can study the scaling at temperatures
slightly below the collapse temperature of the unstretched polymer. We find
very large finite size corrections which would make very difficult the estimate
of the transition point from straightforward simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 16 figure
FIR Filter Implementation by Efficient Sharing of Horizontal and Vertical Common Sub-expressions
No abstract availabl
Cusp-scaling behavior in fractal dimension of chaotic scattering
A topological bifurcation in chaotic scattering is characterized by a sudden
change in the topology of the infinite set of unstable periodic orbits embedded
in the underlying chaotic invariant set. We uncover a scaling law for the
fractal dimension of the chaotic set for such a bifurcation. Our analysis and
numerical computations in both two- and three-degrees-of-freedom systems
suggest a striking feature associated with these subtle bifurcations: the
dimension typically exhibits a sharp, cusplike local minimum at the
bifurcation.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Revte
Eta-nucleon coupling constant in QCD with SU(3) symmetry breaking
We study the NN coupling constant using the method of QCD sum rules
starting from the vacuum-to-eta correlation function of the interpolating
fields of two nucleons. The matrix element of this correlation has been taken
with respect to nucleon spinors to avoid unwanted pole contribution. The
SU(3)-flavor symmetry breaking effects have been accounted for via the
-mass, s-quark mass and eta decay constant to leading order. Out of the
four sum rules obtained by taking the ratios of the two sum rules in
conjunction with the two sum rules in nucleon mass, three are found to give
mutually consistent results. We find the SU(3) breaking effects significant, as
large as 50% of the SU(3) symmetric part.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
Dynamic Range Majority Data Structures
Given a set of coloured points on the real line, we study the problem of
answering range -majority (or "heavy hitter") queries on . More
specifically, for a query range , we want to return each colour that is
assigned to more than an -fraction of the points contained in . We
present a new data structure for answering range -majority queries on a
dynamic set of points, where . Our data structure uses O(n)
space, supports queries in time, and updates in amortized time. If the coordinates of the points are integers,
then the query time can be improved to . For constant values of , this improved query
time matches an existing lower bound, for any data structure with
polylogarithmic update time. We also generalize our data structure to handle
sets of points in d-dimensions, for , as well as dynamic arrays, in
which each entry is a colour.Comment: 16 pages, Preliminary version appeared in ISAAC 201
Single sample pathway analysis in metabolomics: performance evaluation and application
Background Single sample pathway analysis (ssPA) transforms molecular level omics data to the pathway level, enabling the discovery of patient-specific pathway signatures. Compared to conventional pathway analysis, ssPA overcomes the limitations by enabling multi-group comparisons, alongside facilitating numerous downstream analyses such as pathway-based machine learning. While in transcriptomics ssPA is a widely used technique, there is little literature evaluating its suitability for metabolomics. Here we provide a benchmark of established ssPA methods (ssGSEA, GSVA, SVD (PLAGE), and z-score) alongside the evaluation of two novel methods we propose: ssClustPA and kPCA, using semi-synthetic metabolomics data. We then demonstrate how ssPA can facilitate pathway-based interpretation of metabolomics data by performing a case-study on inflammatory bowel disease mass spectrometry data, using clustering to determine subtype-specific pathway signatures. Results While GSEA-based and z-score methods outperformed the others in terms of recall, clustering/dimensionality reduction-based methods provided higher precision at moderate-to-high effect sizes. A case study applying ssPA to inflammatory bowel disease data demonstrates how these methods yield a much richer depth of interpretation than conventional approaches, for example by clustering pathway scores to visualise a pathway-based patient subtype-specific correlation network. We also developed the sspa python package (freely available at https://pypi.org/project/sspa/), providing implementations of all the methods benchmarked in this study. Conclusion This work underscores the value ssPA methods can add to metabolomic studies and provides a useful reference for those wishing to apply ssPA methods to metabolomics data
- âŠ