Impact of structured heterogeneities on reactive two-phase porous flow

Two-phase flow through heterogeneous media leads to scale-free distributions of irregularly shaped pockets of one fluid trapped within the other. Although reactions within these fluids are often modeled at the homogeneous continuum scale, there exists no current framework for upscaling from the pore scale that accounts for the complex and scale-free geometry of the bubbles. In this paper, we apply a linear-kinetics reaction-diffusion model to characterize the steady-state chemical environment inside the irregular pockets. Using a combination of theory and invasion-percolation simulations, we derive scaling laws describing the distribution of diffusion times within bubbles. We show that chemical concentrations within the bubbles are determined by the Laplace transform of the entire distribution of diffusion times from each location. This serves as a means to compute average concentrations of reactant within a bubble of unique geometry and size. Furthermore, the overall system size imposes upper bounds on the distribution of bubble sizes, thereby imposing a system-size dependence on the statistics and average concentrations. These conclusions have profound implications for continuum models of porous reactive flow, where kinetic and equilibrium parameters are often chosen from laboratory measurements made at centimeter scales.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Award DE-AC02-05CH11231

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 90. Hydroxybenzoic Acid derivatives in binary and ternary systems. Part II. hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxybenzoates, and hydroxybenzoic acid salts in nonaqueous systems

The solid-liquid solubility data for well defined nonaqueous binary and ternary systems are reviewed. One component includes hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoate, and hydroxybenzoic acid salt, and another component includes a variety of organic compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, esters, et al.) and carbon dioxide. The ternary systems include mixtures of organic substances of various classes and carbon dioxide. The total number of compilation sheets is 270 for six types of system. Almost all data are expressed as mass percent and mole fraction as well as the originally reported units, while some data are expressed as molar concentration. Critical evaluation was carried out for the binary nonaqueous systems of 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxybenzoates (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) in alcohols, 1-heptane, and benzene

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 80. Gaseous Fluorides of Boron, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Carbon, and Silicon and Solid Xenon Fluorides in all Solvents

The literature has been searched through 2002 June for solubility data on the gases BF3, NF3, N2F4, SF6, CF4, CHF3, CH2F2, CH3F, C2F6, CHF5, 1,1,1,2-C2H2F4, 1,1,1-C2H3F3, 1,1-C2H4F2, CH5F, C3F8, c-C4F8, C2F4, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2H3F, C3F6, C3F6O, and SiF4 and the solids XeF6, XeF4, and XeF2 in all solvents. The data are compiled here. Where feasible evaluations have been carried out. The evaluations were mostly carried out for water as a solvent as the water systems are the most extensively studied. For other systems there is often only one set of measurement or two sets of measurements, which do not agree well. Evaluation of such systems will have to wait on more experimental measurements

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 80. Gaseous Fluorides of Boron, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Carbon, and Silicon and Solid Xenon Fluorides in all Solvents

The literature has been searched through 2002 June for solubility data on the gases BF3, NF3, N2F4, SF6, CF4, CHF3, CH2F2, CH3F, C2F6, CHF5, 1,1,1,2-C2H2F4, 1,1,1-C2H3F3, 1,1-C2H4F2, CH5F, C3F8, c-C4F8, C2F4, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2H3F, C3F6, C3F6O, and SiF4 and the solids XeF6, XeF4, and XeF2 in all solvents. The data are compiled here. Where feasible evaluations have been carried out. The evaluations were mostly carried out for water as a solvent as the water systems are the most extensively studied. For other systems there is often only one set of measurement or two sets of measurements, which do not agree well. Evaluation of such systems will have to wait on more experimental measurements

Glossary of terms related to solubility (IUPAC recommendations 2008).

International audienceThis review contains 166 terms used to describe soly. and related phenomena. The definitions are consistent with one another. [on SciFinder(R)