Study of health status of street children in Khammam City of Andhra Pradesh

Background: The objective was to study the health status of the street children in Khammam city and to study the socio-cultural environment of the street children in Khammam city.Methods: Type of study: A prospective and descriptive study. Study Population: All the street children in the city who are less than 18 years of age. 3Sample size: out of total 384 street children in the city, 150 were included in the study. Selection criteria: Children in different age groups of both sexes were selected. A total of 150 street children were included in the study. Data regarding socio-cultural environment and health status was collected by using pretested structured questionnaire after obtaining proper consent.Results: A total of 150 street children were interviewed (Males 86 and females 64). The mean duration of stay on street was 5.31 years. Nearly 10% of children were illiterate. The overall personal hygiene of the children was very bad. 97 (64.7%) children were malnourished. 6.7% of children had scabies. 30.66% children were anaemic. 46% children had Vit A deficiency. 17.33% children had Vit B deficiency. 34.7% children had visual problems. 18.66% children had ear and hearing problems. 60.66% of children had dental problems. 5.3% children had some psychiatric problems. 42.66% children had various addictions.Conclusion: There is an urgent need of coordination among development agents working for the rights of street children and information sharing among all stakeholders to enhance implementation strategies.

Nematicidal, Fungicidal and Bactericidal Activities of Manganese (II) Complexes with Heterocyclic Sulphonamide Imines

Some manganese(II) complexes derived from different sulphadrugs and heterocyclic ketones have been prepared. These complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, conductivity measurements, infrared, ESR and magnetic measurements. The spectral data suggest that the ligands act in a monobasic, bidentate manner coordinating through nitrogen atom. A high spin tetrahedral geometry around this metal has been proposed on the basis of magnetic and spectral studies. The isolated products are coloured solids, soluble in DMSO, DMF and MeOH. All the complexes are monomeric in nature as indicated by their molecular weight determinations and conductivity measurements in dry DMF show them to be non-electrolytes. All the ligands and their corresponding complexes have been screened for their fungicidal, bactericidal and nematicidal activities

Online Reviews System using Aspect Based Sentimental Analysis & Opinion Mining

Aspect extraction is the most critical and thoroughly researched process in SA (Sentiment Analysis) for conducting an accurate classification of feelings. Over the last decade, massive amounts of research have focused on identifying and removing elements. Products have centralized distribution channels, and certain apps may occasionally operate close to the most recent product to be created. Any e-commerce business enterprise must analyses user / customer feedback in order to provide better products and services to them. Because broad reviews frequently include remarks in a consolidated manner when a customer gives his thoughts on various product attributes within the same summary, it is difficult to determine the exact feeling. The key components of this software are included in their release, making it a valuable tool for management to improve the consistency of their own system's specifications. The goal was to categories the aspects of the target entities provided, as well as the feelings conveyed for each aspect. First, we are implementing a supervised classification framework that is tightly restricted and relies solely on training sets for knowledge. As a result, the key terms comes from associated at various elements of a thing within its entirety perform customer sentiment using certain elements. In contrast to current sentiment analysis approaches, synthetic and actual data set experiments yield positive results

TRIPS implementation and secondary pharmaceutical patenting in Brazil and India

This article compares national approaches toward secondary pharmaceutical patents. Because secondary patents can extend periods of exclusivity and delay generic competition, they can raise prices and reduce access to medicines. Little is known about what measures countries have enacted policies to address applications for secondary pharmaceutical patents, how they function, and whether, in practice, these measures limit secondary patents. We analyze the cases of India and Brazil. We assemble data on pharmaceutical patent applications filed in the two countries, code each application to identify which constitute secondary applications, and examine outcomes for each application in both countries. The data indicate that Brazil is less likely to grant applications than India, but in both countries the measures designed to limit secondary patents are having little direct effect. This suggests, on the one hand, that critics of these policies, such as the transnational pharmaceutical sector and foreign governments, may be more worried than they should be. On the other hand, champions of the policies, such as NGOs and international organizations, may have cause for concern that laws on the books are not having the expected impact on patent outcomes in practice. Our findings also suggest that, at the drug level, the effects of countries’ approaches toward secondary patents need to be understood in the context of their broader approaches toward TRIPS implementation, including when and how they introduced pharmaceutical patents in the 1990s and 2000s

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty

Distinguishing blood and lymph vessel invasion in breast cancer: a prospective immunohistochemical study

Recently, peritumoural (lympho)vascular invasion, assessed on haematoxylin–eosin (HE)-stained slides, was added to the St Gallen criteria for adjuvant treatment of patients with operable breast cancer (BC). New lymphatic endothelium-specific markers, such as D2-40, make it possible to distinguish between blood (BVI) and lymph vessel invasion (LVI). The aim of this prospective study was to quantify and compare BVI and LVI in a consecutive series of patients with BC. Three consecutive sections of all formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 95 BC resection specimens were (immuno)histochemically stained in a fixed order: HE, anti-CD34 (pan-endothelium) and anti-D2-40 (lymphatic endothelium) antibodies. All vessels with vascular invasion were marked and relocated on the corresponding slides. Vascular invasion was assigned LVI (CD34⊕ or ⊖/D2-40⊕) or BVI (CD34⊕/D2-40⊖) and intra- (contact with tumour cells or desmoplastic stroma) or peritumoural. The number of vessels with LVI and BVI as well as the number of tumour cells per embolus were counted. Results were correlated with clinico-pathological variables. Sixty-six (69.5%) and 36 (37.9%) patients had, respectively, LVI and BVI. The presence of ‘vascular' invasion was missed on HE in 20% (peritumourally) and 65% (intratumourally) of cases. Although LVI and BVI were associated intratumourally (P=0.02), only peritumoural LVI, and not BVI, was associated with the presence of lymph node (LN) metastases (pperi=0.002). In multivariate analysis, peritumoural LVI was the only independent determinant of LN metastases. Furthermore, the number of vessels with LVI was larger than the number of vessels with BVI (P=0.001) and lymphatic emboli were larger than blood vessel emboli (P=0.004). We demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish between BVI and LVI in BC specimens using specific lymphatic endothelium markers. This is important to study the contribution of both processes to BC metastasis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical detection of lymphovascular invasion might be of value in clinical practice

Unique synergistic formulation of curcumin, epicatechin gallate and resveratrol, tricurin, suppresses HPV E6, eliminates HPV+ cancer cells, and inhibits tumor progression

Curcumin (from curry) (C) is highly potent against cervical cancer cells (CCC), but poor bioavailability has limited its clinical use. Similar natural polyphenols resveratrol (from grapes) (R), and epicatechin gallate (from green tea) (E) also display activity against CCC. By treating CCC (HeLa) with C, E, or R, or combinations of these compounds, we computed combination indices and observed a strong synergism among C, E, and R at the unique molar ratio 4:1:12.5. This combination, named as TriCurin, rapidly down regulated HPV18 E6 and NF-kB expression while concomitantly inducing the tumor suppressor protein p53 in HeLa cells. In the mouse c-Ha-ras and HPV16 E6, E7-expressing TC-1 CCC, both C and TriCurin elicited suppression of E6, induction of both p53 and acetyl-p53 (activated p53), and activation of caspase-3, but the TriCurinevoked changes were several-fold greater than that produced by curcumin (4.7-fold for E6 inhibition, and 2-fold, 6-fold, and 1.7-fold for the induction of p53, acetyl-p53, and active caspase-3, respectively). Consequently, TriCurin was more potent in killing TC-1 and HeLa cells. Intralesional TriCurin treatment of tumors generated in mice by subcutaneously implanting the TC-1 CCC caused an 80–90% decrease in tumor growth. The ability of C to eliminate HeLa cells was significantly stabilized when delivered as TriCurin than when delivered alone. Topical application of TriCurin dispersed in a cream base afforded efficient transfer of C across the skin. Subcutaneous TriCurin injection yielded no adverse effect in tumor-naïve healthy mice. Thus, TriCurin is a safe and promising therapeutic agent against HPV-associated disease

The Stakes in Bayh-Dole: Public Values Beyond the Pace of Innovation

Evaluation studies of the Bayh-Dole Act are generally concerned with the pace of innovation or the transgressions to the independence of research. While these concerns are important, I propose here to expand the range of public values considered in assessing Bayh-Dole and formulating future reforms. To this end, I first examine the changes in the terms of the Bayh-Dole debate and the drift in its design. Neoliberal ideas have had a definitive influence on U.S. innovation policy for the last thirty years, including legislation to strengthen patent protection. Moreover, the neoliberal policy agenda is articulated and justified in the interest of “competitiveness.” Rhetorically, this agenda equates competitiveness with economic growth and this with the public interest. Against that backdrop, I use Public Value Failure criteria to show that values such as political equality, transparency, and fairness in the distribution of the benefits of innovation, are worth considering to counter the “policy drift” of Bayh-Dole