Balance of nitrogen (n) in pigs fed with Moringa Oleifera foliage meal.

A double 3 x 3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of nitrogen (N) in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30 % respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (p<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7 % respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage of intake was from 41.0 to 47.4 % and as percentage of digestion, from 55.7 to 65.8 % (in both cases, p<0.05). According to the herein showed data, moringa foliage meal may constitute an important ingredient in the diet of growing pigs, as a protein source for the animal

Understanding how food safety risk perception influences dietary decision making among women in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: A qualitative study

Objectives To determine women’s perception of the risk of food safety and how it relates to diet, health and decision making as part of formative research for a market-based intervention that aims to improve the safety of animal-source foods sold in informal markets. Design Qualitative study including in-depth personal interviews with 24 caregivers were conducted and complemented with a second follow-up PhotoVoice interview, which allowed the women to photograph their meals and perceptions of food safety and nutrition. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA. Participants were purposively sampled from a larger Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia study, conducted from May to August 2018. Setting Urban and periurban neighborhoods of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Participants 24 female caregivers (mothers and grandmothers) of children under age 5, each interviewed twice. Findings A primary food safety concern expressed was that chemicals (pesticides and other agricultural additives) in animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables may impact the health of their families by causing diarrhoea and problems during pregnancy. This fear created a lack of trust in markets, which influenced their food purchasing behaviours and strategies for making the food safer for their families. These mitigation strategies, including food selection and cleaning, vary among the women but are perceived as important to be able to provide their families with what they define as safe meals. Conclusions Interventions that wish to decrease rates of foodborne illness and increase animal source food consumption should also address the belief that the food system has been compromised by the addition of pesticides and agricultural additives