ANALISIS ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN PADA SUNGAI BAH BOLON KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN SUMATERA UTARA

ABSTRAK Rian Mantasa Salve Prastica, Suyanto, Rintis Hadiani, 2015. Analisis Transpor Sedimen pada Sungai Bah Bolon Kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Jurusan Teknik Sipil. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta Perkembangan pembangunan yang terjadi sehingga memicu perubahan tata guna lahan ini mengakibatkan infiltrasi semakin menurun dan tingkat erosi dan sedimentasi meningkat. Sehingga, PLTMH yang akan dibangun di DAS Bah Bolon harus direncanakan dengan baik. Bila tidak direncanakan dengan baik, sedimen melayang di Sungai Bah Bolon dapat mengganggu kinerja turbin PLTMH yang akan dibangun. Perencanaan sediment harvesting memerlukan data jumlah transpor sedimen total yang terjadi di Sungai Bah Bolon. Sehingga “Analisis Angkutan Sedimen Total pada Sungai Bah Bolon” perlu dilakukan. Berdasarkan data sekunder, terdapat dua sampel sedimen dalam penelitian ini. Perhitungan menggunakan rata-rata hasil analisis kedua sampel. Analisis transpor sedimen total menggunakan tujuh metode. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hasil transpor sedimen total masing-masing metode. Metode Colby, Metode Laursen, dan Metode Ackers and White menghasilkan volume transpor sedimen yang tinggi dan simpangan yang besar terhadap hasil 15% sedimentasi lahan yang masuk ke sungai yang dianalisis oleh Fibria (2015). Metode Shen and Hung dan Metode Engelund and Hansen memiliki hasil transpor sedimen paling sedikit. Metode Yang dan Metode Bagnold memiliki simpangan yang kecil dibandingkan dengan lima metode yang lain. Metode Yang adalah metode yang memiliki simpangan paling kecil daripada Metode Bagnold. Hasil-hasil tersebut dibandingkan dengan 15% sedimen pasir hasil perhitungan dari Fibria (2015) untuk menyimpulkan metode yang sesuai diaplikasikan di Sungai Bah Bolon. Berdasarkan grafik hasil analisis, Metode Yang adalah metode paling sesuai dibanding metode lain dalam menganalisis transpor sedimen total di Sungai Bah Bolon. Analisis perhitungan tebal sedimen yang ada di Sungai Bah Bolon menunjukkan ketebalan sedimen kurang dari 0,7 mm pada tahun 2000-2012 dengan erodibilitas tanah sebesar 0,1067. Kata Kunci : Sedimen, Metode Yang, Sungai Bah Bolo

Inaugural Address

It gives me immense pleasure to be present here on this day to share with you some of my views regarding problems and prospects of Ferro-Alloy Industry. Ferro-Alloy is defined as an alloy of iron that contains a sufficient amount of one or more chemical elements to be useful as an agent for introducing these elements into molten metal, usually steel. The iron and steel industry consumes perhaps 95% by weight of the ferroalloys prod-uced, however, other alloy systems, although relatively small in volume, represent substantial and growing markets with respect to value. The principal ferro-alloys are those of manganese and silicon. Manganese is used in the production of virtually all steels, primarily to neut-ralise the harmful effects of sulphur

“Impact of ChatGPT on Student’s Education: A Comprehensive analysis of positive and negative effects”

The title of this study is based on an analysis of the impact of ChatGPT on academic performance and the student's insight of using the tool. In this research, the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model, was evaluated in supporting students in their education. The study determines that, ChatGPT can positively and negatively affect student’s academic performance and learning experience, but it should not replace human knowledge and skills. It should be used as an extension to the existing resources. However, there are also risks related to academic issues, unfair learning assessment, inaccurate information, thinking skills and over-reliance on AI

Outgroup residents attitude towards the existence of special Islamic housing

A gated community is a gated residential area its mean as a term with a negative connotation related to social segregation. Today there has also been a growing upper-class housing that is devoted to Muslims in Jakarta. One of them is Light Islamic Townhouse in East Jakarta. This case study examines the attitude of the out-group resident to the housing, where the out-group resident is the same neighborhood with the resident of the housing (living in the same Rukun Tetangga). With interviewed to 16 participants and did participant observation, the results show that middle class from the out-group resident consider the existence of the housing as closed, unwilling to blend, and exclusive. While the lower class from the out-group resident considered the existence of the housing to be positive and profitable because of cross-subsidies. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. Keywords: attitude, out-group, gated community

A User Oriented Image Retrieval System using Halftoning BBTC

The objective of this paper is to develop a system for content based image retrieval (CBIR) by accomplishing the benefits of low complexity Ordered Dither Block Truncation Coding based on half toning technique for the generation of image content descriptor. In the encoding step ODBTC compresses an image block into corresponding quantizes and bitmap image. Two image features are proposed to index an image namely co-occurrence features and bitmap patterns which are generated using ODBTC encoded data streams without performing the decoding process. The CCF and BPF of an image are simply derived from the two quantizes and bitmap respectively by including visual codebooks. The proposed system based on block truncation coding image retrieval method is not only convenient for an image compression but it also satisfy the demands of users by offering effective descriptor to index images in CBIR system

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ION-SENSITIVE IN-SITU NASAL GEL OF ZOLMITRIPTAN

In situ gel system is novel drug delivery system in which there is transition of sol to gel on external stimuli like change in pH, temperature or change in ion concentration (sol-gel transition). In the present study various formulations were prepared by using gellan gum as gelling agent and HPMC K100 as controlled or sustained release polymer. All the formulations were evaluated for various parameters like pH, viscosity, drug content, gel strength, mucoadhesive strength and drug release. At minimum concentration of polymer lose their integrity and at maximum concentration stiff gel were formed. At optimized concentration of gelling agent and HPMC K100 showed in situ gelling with all parameter in range. In Vitro release data revealed that the optimized formulation showed controlled and sustained drug release pattern. The optimized formulation also obeyed korsmer Peppas model equation and which showed the release exponent n value 0.765. Thus the ex vivo higher bioavailability can be expected from the optimized formulation.Â

Characterization of Major Inorganic Ions in Precipitation in Area of Hisar, India

The rainwater samples were collected on event basis during June-July-August-2012 and were analyzed for pH, major anions (Cl, NO , SO ) and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH ). The pH value varied from 6.0 to 3 4 4 7.2 indicating alkaline nature of rainwater. The pH of the rainwater was found well above the reference pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the monsoon season. The average and standard deviation of ionic composition was found to be 98.1 ± 9.8 l eq L-1. The total anions contribute 48 % and cations 52 %, respectively to rainwater. Neutralization factors (NF) followed a sequence of NFCaNFMg (NFNH ) with factors of 1.1, 0.36 4 and 0.16 indicating the crystal components are responsible for neutralization of anions. The average ratio of (NO + Cl)/SO observed as 1.2 indicates that nitric and hydrochloric acid influences the acidity of rainwater. 3 4 The ratio of NH /NO and NH /SO was observed as 0.7 and 0.3 thus indicates that the possible compounds 4 3 4 4 which may predominate in the atmosphere are NH NO and (NH ) SO . Ionic correlation was established to 4 3 4 2 4 identify sources of origin. Agood correlation was seen between Ca and Mg (r = 0.98); suggesting the common occurrence of these ions from crustal origin. Similarly, the acidic ions SO and NO correlated well (r = 70) 4 3 indicating their origin from similar sources. Other relatively significant correlations were observed between Ca and SO (r = 0.93), Mg and SO (r = 0.76), Ca and NO (r = 0.07), Ca and Cl (r = 0.28) and Mg and Cl (r = 0.32), 4 4 3 and Mg and NO (r = 0.69). The observed rainwater ratio of Cl/Na (1.4) is closer to that of seawater ratio (1.18) 3 indicates fractionation of sea-salt and modifications by non-marine constituents as the site is 2040 km away from the sea coast. The nss-Ca contribution was observed as 95.7% suggesting their crustal origin whereas nss-Mg and nss-K shows their contribution as 86.8% and 83.9% indicating influence of soil sources. The nss- SO contributed as 86.7% shows anthropogenic origin

A Survey on Opinion Mining Techniques

Mining of opinions from customer reviews is received tremendous attention from both domain dependent document and domain independent document as it decides the overall rating of any product. The sale and market of product is totally dependent on these reviews. Opinion identification is not a big problem if we use a single review corpus, but it will give poor results. On using two or more corpus it is more complex. There are number of existing techniques for opinion mining, but are suitable for a single corpus not for multiple corpuses. In this current paper we propose a Novel technique for mining opinion features from two or more review corpus. This technique use two corpus one is domain dependent and other domain independent. We will major domain dependent relevance for candidate feature with both domain dependent and domain independent corpus, we call it as intrinsic domain relevance and extrinsic domain relevance respectively. The opinion features with IDR greater than intrinsic domain relevance threshold and less than extrinsic domain relevance are user opinions plays an important role in finding grade of the product. Many users now a day won’t to now the grade of the product along with which positive and negative factors decide this rating. In proposed paper different techniques are proposed to extract opinion features from two or more review corpora

Distribution of Gaseous Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rural Environment of India

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered as atmospheric contaminants due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. In the present study, 8 selected gaseous phase PAHs were determined in ambient air representing rural environment. The gaseous phase PAHs samples were investigated for quantification of selected PAHs in various seasons and possible sources of gaseous phase PAHs in rural environment. The samples were collected using a cartridge containing XAD-2 resin placed between layers of polyurethane foam (PUF) and analyzed by fluorescence technique. The seasonal variation in selected gaseous phase individual PAHs varied between 28-496.9 ng m-3 during winter, summer and post-monsoon season respectively. The concentration of gaseous phase PAHs was dominated by Phen, Anth and Flt. The gaseous phase concentration of PAHs were 3.9 and 5.1 times higher in winter as compared to summer and post-monsoon season respectively. The higher concentration winter may be due to higher emission from biomass burning, fuel used for cooking such as coal and kerosene and other heating activities to protect from cold winter. The three ring gaseous phase PAHs were predominant than four and five membered ring PAHs and contribution varied between74.9-93.9 % of selected PAHs. The ratio analysis studies showed that traditional fuel used for cooking purposes mainly wood, kerosene, coal and biomass burning are the major contributors in rural environmen

A study on major inorganic ion composition of atmospheric aerosols

Abstract: Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected from Akola and Buldana region covering around 40 sqkm area during October-November 2002 and were analyzed for ten major inorganic ions namely F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, PO42-, Na +, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH using ion chromatographic technique. Theaverage mass of aerosols was found to be 225.81 µg/m3 4+ with standard deviation of 31.29 and average total water soluble load of total cations and anions was found to be 4.32 µg/m3. The concentration of ions in samples showed a general pattern as SO42->NO3->Cl- >PO>Ca2+> NH4+> Mg2+>K for cations. The overall composition of the aerosols was taken into account to identify the sources. The trend showed higher concentration of sodium followed by calcium, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate and ammoinum and found to be influenced by terrestrial sources. The presence of SO42- and NO3- in aerosols may be due to re-suspension of soil particles. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl are to be derived from soil materials. The presence of NH+4 may be attributed to the reaction of NH3- vapors with acidic gases may react or condense on an acidic particle surface of anthropogenic origin. Theatmospheric aerosol is slightly acidic due to neutralization of basicity by SO2 and NOx