O ral H ealth L iteracy A ssessment: development of an oral health literacy instrument for S panish speakers

Objective To develop an oral health literacy instrument for S panish‐speaking adults, evaluate its psychometric properties, and determine its comparability to an E nglish version. Methods The O ral H ealth L iteracy A ssessment in S panish ( OHLA ‐ S ) and E nglish ( OHLA ‐ E ) are designed with a word recognition section and a comprehension section using the multiple‐choice format developed by an expert panel. Validation of OHLA ‐ S and OHLA ‐ E involved comparing the instrument with other health literacy instruments in a sample of 201 S panish‐speaking and 204 E nglish‐speaking subjects. Comparability between S panish and E nglish versions was assessed by testing for differential item functioning ( DIF ) using item response theory. Results We considered three OHLA ‐ S scoring systems. Based on validity and reliability comparisons, 24 items were retained in the OHLA ‐ S instrument. OHLA ‐ S was correlated with another health literacy instrument, S panish T est of F unctional H ealth L iteracy in A dults ( P  < 0.05). Significant correlations were also found between OHLA ‐ S and years of schooling, oral health knowledge, overall health, and an understanding of written health‐care materials ( P  < 0.05). OHLA ‐ S displayed satisfactory reliability with a Cronbach Alpha of 0.70‐0.80. DIF results suggested that OHLA ‐ S and OHLA ‐ E scores were not comparable at a given level of oral health literacy. Conclusions OHLA ‐ S has acceptable reliability and validity. OHLA ‐ S and OHLA ‐ E are two different measurement tools and should not be used to compare oral health literacy between E nglish‐ and S panish‐speaking populations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96765/1/jphd12000.pd

Diagnose différentielle de l'espèce sur les carcasses et les abats des moutons et des chèvres de l'Afrique tropicale de l'Ouest

Les auteurs étudient région par région, les caractères immédiats et médiats de la diagnose d'espèce des carcasses et des abats des petits ruminants de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ils montrent que la diagnose est facile lorsque la tête et la queue restent sur la carcasse ou la demi-carcasse et qu'elle est difficile lorsqu'elles en sont séparées. Ils distinguent trois types de caractères différentiels: ceux qui sont communs aux deux groupes régionaux, ceux qui sont particuliers aux espèces des régions tempérées et ceux qui sont propres aux ovins et aux caprins de l'Afrique de l'Oues

Parkin-independent mitophagy controls chemotherapeutic response in cancer cells

Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that selectively targets impaired mitochondria for degradation. Defects in mitophagy are often associated with diverse pathologies, including cancer. Because the main known regulators of mitophagy are frequently inactivated in cancer cells, the mechanisms that regulate mitophagy in cancer cells are not fully understood. Here, we identified an E3 ubiquitin ligase (ARIH1/HHARI) that triggers mitophagy in cancer cells in a PINK1-dependent manner. We found that ARIH1/HHARI polyubiquitinates damaged mitochondria, leading to their removal via autophagy. Importantly, ARIH1 is widely expressed in cancer cells, notably in breast and lung adenocarcinomas; ARIH1 expression protects against chemotherapy-induced death. These data challenge the view that the main regulators of mitophagy are tumor suppressors, arguing instead that ARIH1-mediated mitophagy promotes therapeutic resistance

On Teaching Applied Formal Methods in Aerospace Engineering

As formal methods come into broad industrial use for verification of safety-critical hardware, software, and cyber-physical systems, there is an increasing need to teach practical skills in applying formal methods at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. In the aerospace industry, flight certification requirements like the FAA’s DO-178B, DO-178C, DO-333, and DO-254, along with a series of high-profile accidents, have helped turn knowledge of formal methods into a desirable job skill for a wide range of engineering positions. We approach the question of verification from a safety-case perspective: the primary teaching goal is to impart students with the ability to look at a verification question and identify what formal methods are applicable, which tools are available, what the outputs from those tools will say about the system, and what they will not, e.g., what parts of the safety case need to be provided by other means. We overview the lectures, exercises, exams, and student projects in a mixed-level (undergraduate/graduate) Applied Formal Methods course (Additional materials are available on the course website: http://temporallogic.org/courses/AppliedFormalMethods/) taught in an Aerospace Engineering department. We highlight the approach, tools, and techniques aimed at imparting a good sense of both the state of the art and the state of the practice of formal methods in an effort to effectively prepare students headed for jobs in an increasingly formal world

Capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) and MXene/carbon nanotube composites in organic electrolytes

Pseudocapacitive materials that store charges by fast redox reactions are promising candidates for designing high energy density electrochemical capacitors. MXenes - recently discovered two-dimensional carbides, have shown excellent capacitance in aqueous electrolytes, but in a narrow potential window, which limits both the energy and power density. Here, we investigated the electrochemical behavior of Ti3C2 MXene in 1M solution of 1-ethly-3-methylimidazolium bis- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide (EMITFSI) in acetonitrile and two other common organic electrolytes. This paper describes the use of clay, delaminated and composite Ti3C2 electrodes with carbon nanotubes in order to understand the effect of the electrode architecture and composition on the electrochemical performance. Capacitance values of 85 F g-1 and 245 F cm-3 were obtained at 2 mV s-1, with a high rate capability and good cyclability. In situ X-ray diffraction study reveals the intercalation of large EMI+ cations into MXene, which leads to increased capacitance, but may also be the rate limiting factor that determines the device performance

Mightyl: A compositional translation from mitl to timed automata

Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) was first proposed in the early 1990s as a specification formalism for real-time systems. Apart from its appealing intuitive syntax, there are also theoretical evidences that make MITL a prime real-time counterpart of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Unfortunately, the tool support for MITL verification is still lacking to this day. In this paper, we propose a new construction from MITL to timed automata via very-weak one-clock alternating timed automata. Our construction subsumes the well-known construction from LTL to Büchi automata by Gastin and Oddoux and yet has the additional benefits of being compositional and integrating easily with existing tools. We implement the construction in our new tool MightyL and report on experiments using Uppaal and LTSmin as back-ends

Oral Health Activities of Early Head Start Teachers Directed toward Children and Parents

Objectives—This cross-sectional study examined Early Head Start (EHS) teachers’ oral health program activities and their association with teacher and program characteristics. Methods—Self-complete questionnaires were distributed to staff in all EHS programs in North Carolina. Variables for dental health activities for parents (4 items) and children (4 items) were constructed as the sum of responses to a 0-4 Likert-type scale (never to very frequently). Ordinary least squares regression models examined the association between teachers’ oral health program activities and modifiable teacher (oral health knowledge, values, self-efficacy, dental health training, perceived barriers to dental activities) and program (director and health coordinator knowledge and perceived barriers to dental activities) characteristics. Results—Teachers in the parent (n=260) and child (n=231) analyses were a subset of the 485 staff respondents (98% response rate). Teachers engaged in child oral health activities (range=0-16; mean=9.0) more frequently than parent activities (range=0-16; mean=6.9). Teachers’ oral health values, perceived oral health self-efficacy, dental training, and director and health coordinator knowledge were positively associated with oral health activities (P<0.05). Perceived barriers were negatively associated with child activities (P<0.05). Conclusion—The level of oral health activity in EHS programs is less than optimal. Several characteristics of EHS staff were identified that can be targeted with education interventions. Evidence for effectiveness of EHS interventions needs to be strengthened, but results of this survey provide encouraging findings about the potential effects of teacher training on their oral health practices

Osteoporosis drug treatment: duration and management after discontinuation. A position statement from the SVGO/ASCO.

Antiosteoporotic drugs are recommended in patients with fragility fractures and in patients considered to be at high fracture risk on the basis of clinical risk factors and/or low bone mineral density. As first-line treatment most patients are started with an antiresorptive treatment, i.e. drugs that inhibit osteoclast development and/or function (bisphosphonates, denosumab, oestrogens or selective oestrogen receptor modulators). In the balance between benefits and risks of antiresorptive treatment, uncertainties remain regarding the optimal treatment duration and the management of patients after drug discontinuation. Based on the available evidence, this position statement will focus on the long-term management of osteoporosis therapy, formulating decision criteria for clinical practice

Oral Health Activities of Early Head Start and Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Programs

Guidelines recommend that Migrant and Seasonal Head Start programs (MSHS) address the dental needs of children of migrant and seasonal farmworkers. This study describes parent- and child-oriented oral health activities of North Carolina’s MSHS programs and compares them with non-migrant Early Head Start (EHS) programs using data collected from a questionnaire completed by teachers and family services staff. MSHS staff reported engaging in more oral health activities than EHS staff, which was confirmed by results of logit and ordered logit regression models. Despite promising findings about the engagement of MSHS staff, participation in oral health activities is lower than recommended. Differences between EHS and MSHS programs might be due to differing needs of enrolled children and families or to different approaches to meeting the needs of families