Tradable Permits Under Threat to Manage Nonpoint Source Pollution

In this article we treat the problem of nonpoint source pollution as a problem of moral hazard in group. To solve this kind of problem we consider a group performance based tax coupled to tradable permits market. The tax is activated if the group fails to meet the ambient standard. So the role of the tax is to provide an incitation to ensure that the agents provide the abatement level necessary to achieve the standard. The role of the tradable permits market is to distribute effectively this abatement level through the price of the permits which rises with the exchange of the permits.nonpoint source pollution, ambient tax, tradable permits market, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Tensor Bounds on the Hidden Universe

During single clock inflation, hidden fields (i.e. fields coupled to the inflaton only gravitationally) in their adiabatic vacua can ordinarily only affect observables through virtual effects. After renormalizing background quantities (fixed by observations at some pivot scale), all that remains are logarithmic runnings in correlation functions that are both Planck and slow roll suppressed. In this paper we show how a large number of hidden fields can partially compensate this suppression and generate a potentially observable running in the tensor two point function, consistently inferable courtesy of a large $N$ resummation. We detour to address certain subtleties regarding loop corrections during inflation, extending the analysis of [1]. Our main result is that one can extract bounds on the hidden field content of the universe from bounds on violations of the consistency relation between the tensor spectral index and the tensor to scalar ratio, were primordial tensors ever detected. Such bounds are more competitive than the naive bound inferred from requiring inflation to occur below the strong coupling scale of gravity if deviations from the consistency relation can be bounded to within the sub-percent level. We discuss how one can meaningfully constrain the parameter space of various phenomenological scenarios and constructions that address naturalness with a large number of species (such as `N-naturalness') with CMB observations up to cosmic variance limits, and possibly future 21cm and gravitational wave observations.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 appendices. Version accepted to JHEP; references added, updated bounds on $r$ incorporate

Perbandingan Kinerja Pendekatan Virtualisasi

Kajian terhadap beberapa pendekatan virtualisasi telah dilakukan dan dilaporkan dalam paper ini. Pendekatan virtualisasi yang dikaji adalah full virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization, paravirtualization, dan operating system-level virtualization. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pengukuran kinerja masing-masing pendekatan dengan beban kerja tertentu saat dijalankan menggunakan virtualisasi dan saat virtualisasi tidak digunakan. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa operating system-level virtualization lebih efisien dalam hal penggunaan sumber daya komputer dibanding pendekatan lainnya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan virtualisasi seharusnya ikut menjadi pertimbangan dalam memilih solusi virtualisasi. Study of some of the virtualization approach has been carried out and reported in this paper. Virtualization approaches that were examined are full virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization, paravirtualization, and operating system-level virtualization. Evaluation is done by measuring the performance of each approach with a particular work load when run using virtualization and virtualization when not in use. The experimental results show that the operating system-level virtualization is more efficient in the use of computer resources than other approaches. Evaluation results show that the virtualization approach should help to be a consideration in choosing a virtualization solution

The geometry of modified Riemannian extensions

We show that every paracomplex space form is locally isometric to a modified Riemannian extension and give necessary and sufficient conditions so that a modified Riemannian extension is Einstein. We exhibit Riemannian extension Osserman manifolds of signature (3,3) whose Jacobi operators have non-trivial Jordan normal form and which are not nilpotent. We present new four dimensional results in Osserman geometry