Solving the woolly mammoth conundrum: amino acid 15N-enrichment suggests a distinct forage or habitat

Understanding woolly mammoth ecology is key to understanding Pleistocene community dynamics and evaluating the roles of human hunting and climate change in late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions. Previous isotopic studies of mammoths’ diet and physiology have been hampered by the ‘mammoth conundrum’: woolly mammoths have anomalously high collagen δ15N values, which are more similar to coeval carnivores than herbivores and which could imply a distinct diet and (or) habitat, or a physiological adaptation. We analyzed individual amino acids from collagen of adult woolly mammoths and coeval species and discovered greater  15N enrichment in source amino acids of woolly mammoths than in most other herbivores or carnivores. Woolly mammoths consumed an isotopically distinct food source, reflective of extreme aridity, dung fertilization and (or) plant selection. This dietary signal suggests that woolly mammoths occupied a distinct habitat or forage niche relative to other Pleistocene herbivores

Berengeria rafaeli, n. gen., n. sp. of Reduviinae from Reserva Ducke, Amazonas State, Brazil (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

A new genus and species of Reduviinae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Reduviidae) from the Amazonas State, Brazil are described. A taxonomic key for American genera of Reduviinae is given.Um novo gênero e espécie de Reduviinae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Reduviidae) do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, são descritos. Uma chave taxonômica para os gêneros Americanos de Reduviinae é fornecida

Sinopse dos Chryxinae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Uma sinopse da taxonomia dos Chryxinae com chaves para os gêneros e espécies da subfamília são apresentados. Chryxus bahianus sp. nov. e o macho de Wygodzinskyella travassosi (Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1944) são descritos.<br>Synopsis of the Chryxinae with keys to the genera and species of the subfamily are presented. Chryxus bahianus sp. nov. and the male of Wygodzinskyella travassosi (Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1944) are described

Caprilesia almirantiana gen. nov. and sp. nov. of Saicinae from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Caprilesia gen. nov. and C. almirantiana sp. nov. (type species) are described from Brazil, Bahia. Illustrations of the holotype and also a key for the American genera of Saicinae are presented.<br>Caprilesia gen. nov. e C. almirantiana sp. nov. (espécie-tipo) são descritos do Brasil, Bahia. Ilustrações do holótipo e uma chave para os gêneros Americanos de Saicinae são apresentados

Primeiro registro de Saica apicalis Osborn & Drake para o Brasil e Pseudosaica florida (Barber), com notas taxonômicas e chave para os gêneros de Saicinae do Brasil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) First records of Saica apicalis Osborn & Drake and Pseudosaica florida (Barber) in Brazil, with taxonomical notes and key for the Saicinae genera of Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Apresenta-se o primeiro registro de ocorrência de Saica apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915 e de Pseudosaica florida (Barber, 1953) no Brasil. Notas taxonômicas sobre Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 e Pseudosaica Blinn, 1990 são fornecidas.<br>The first records of Saica apicalis Osborn & Drake, 1915 and Pseudosaica florida (Barber, 1953) for Brazil are presented. Taxonomical notes on Saica Amyot & Serville, 1843 and Pseudosaica Blinn, 1990 are given