The Evolution of Reaction-diffusion Controllers for Minimally Cognitive Agents

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On a generalization of Lie(kk): a CataLAnKe theorem

We define a generalization of the free Lie algebra based on an $n$-ary commutator and call it the free LAnKe. We show that the action of the symmetric group $S_{2n-1}$ on the multilinear component with $2n-1$ generators is given by the representation $S^{2^{n-1}1}$, whose dimension is the $n$th Catalan number. An application involving Specht modules of staircase shape is presented. We also introduce a conjecture that extends the relation between the Whitehouse representation and Lie($k$).Comment: 14 page

The Political Economy of the Yugoslav Revolution

Industrialisation, agrarian structures, nationalism, dependency and the role of the state have all been important themes in development studies during the post-war period. The focus has, of course, been mainly on peripheral capitalist economies in Africa, Asia and Latin America, reflecting the rapid internationalisation of capital in different forms during this period. This paper, in contrast, brings these themes much closer to home by examining them in the context of the European periphery during the interwar period, in a country which was a creation of the European powers, namely, Yugoslavia

Resumptive Repetition?introduction to a Universal Discourse Feature

When repetition is used to resume a previous topic after a digression, interruption or some other interlude, then we can call this ?resumptive repetition?. The focus of this paper introduces resumptive repetition as a leading cognitive device used for topic continuity in the environment of digressions. Resumptive repetition is an important universal discourse feature because it is a cognitive part of human language that ?wraps around? or ?encapsulates? the syntax of any language. It is one of the few features of language that transparently shows the human mind working the same way cross-linguistically in the area of topic continuity

COMBINED USE OF OPEN-AIR AND INDOOR FUMIGATION SYSTEMS TO STUDY EFFECTS OF SO-2 ON LEACHING PROCESSES IN SCOTS PINE LITTER

Both an open-air fumigation system and a laboratory-based system were used to expose decomposing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles to controlled concentrations of SO2 (arithmetric mean less-than-or-equal-to 48 nl litre-1) during a period, in total, of 301 days. The experimental design involved reciprocal litter transplants from 'clean' to 'polluted' air and vice versa, using the two fumigation systems. The objectives were (1) to observe the effects of SO2 on leachate and litter chemistry, (2) to assess whether pollution-induced changes are reversible in clean air, and (3) to test the suitability of small-scale fumigation chambers (litter microcosms) compared with open-air systems in soil studies.Through the formation of SO4(2-) ions, dry-deposited SO2 exhibited a marked capacity to remove 'base' cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) from decomposing pine needles, and also to acidify litter leachates (as indicated by proton fluxes from the litter). When litter was transferred from polluted air (48 nl litre-1 SO2, in the open-air system) to either clean or polluted air in the laboratory, the effects of prior exposure to SO2 on leachate composition were still evident even after 86 days: the role of base cation depletion within the litter, caused by SO42- -induced leaching, is discussed.Data for SO42- fluxes in leachates collected from the small-scale chambers indicated that dry deposition velocities for SO2 were not anomalously high within this fumigation system. It is therefore concluded that microcosm studies can provide information complementary to the open-air fumigation approach in soils research.</p

Quasi-Periodic Oscillations from Magnetorotational Turbulence

Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the X-ray lightcurves of accreting neutron star and black hole binaries have been widely interpreted as being due to standing wave modes in accretion disks. These disks are thought to be highly turbulent due to the magnetorotational instability (MRI). We study wave excitation by MRI turbulence in the shearing box geometry. We demonstrate that axisymmetric sound waves and radial epicyclic motions driven by MRI turbulence give rise to narrow, distinct peaks in the temporal power spectrum. Inertial waves, on the other hand, do not give rise to distinct peaks which rise significantly above the continuum noise spectrum set by MRI turbulence, even when the fluid motions are projected onto the eigenfunctions of the modes. This is a serious problem for QPO models based on inertial waves.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. submitted to ap

An experimental approach to quantify strain transfer efficiency of fibre bragg grating sensors to host structures

This paper developed a method to evaluate the strain transfer efficiency of fibre Bragg grating sensors to host structures. Various coatings were applied to fibre Bragg grating sensors after being fabricated. They were epoxy, silane agent and polypropylene, representing different surface properties. A neat epoxy resin plate was used as the host in which the coated fibre sensors were embedded in the central layer. The tensile strain output from the FBGs was compared with that obtained from electrical strain gauges which were attached on the surface of the specimen. A calculating method based on the measured strains was developed to quantify the strain transfer function of different surface coatings. The strain transfer coefficient obtained from the proposed method provided a direct indicator to evaluate the strain transfer efficiency of different coatings used on the FBG sensors, under either short or long-term loading. The results demonstrated that the fibre sensor without any coating possessed the best strain transfer, whereas, the worst strain transfer was created by polypropylene coating. Coatings play a most influential role in strain measurements using FBG sensors