Ethnographic Intimacy: Thinking Through the Ethics of Social Research in Sex Worlds

Ethnographic researchers entering sensitive fields of research become entangled in ethical dilemmas when they encounter \'sticky\' questions, situations and issues. In undertaking research within two distinct sex worlds: female sex work and male sexual negotiation/risk and HIV, we struggled to manage the contingent links between our relationships with the people who inhabit these worlds, the ethical requirements of our institutional ethics committees, and our hybrid selves. In the context of \'doing\' intimate ethnography, we were required to craft ourselves into the field and establish a number of intimate and prolonged relationships. While the participants in our studies were active in giving their consent, this did not obviate the risk that they would become objectified within the field relationship and the texts the research generated. These issues are central to our discussion as we consider the lack of fit between ethical guidelines and the practical reality of fieldwork.Ethnography; Informed Consent; Ethics Committees; Reflexivity; Sex Work; Risk and HIV

Elastic Scattering of Electrons by Atoms

Elastic scattering is defined as scattering in which the incident particle or radiation does not give up any of its energy to the scatterer. Electrons are elastically scattered in atoms by both the nucleus and the atomic electrons which screen the nuclear charge. When considering only nuclear scattering the first Born approximation quantum mechanical cross section and the classical Rutherford cross section are identical. The effects of the atomic electrons can be taken into account by a simple screening term or by more exact treatments based on Hartree-Fock or Dirac-Fack wave functions. The partial wave expansion can be used to go beyond the first Born approximation but it is only really appropriate for isolated atoms. All elastic scattering cross sections at energies of interest in electron microscopy are strongly forward peaked. Mott cross sections calculated by solving the radial Dirac equation incorporate more than just the relativistic changes in mass and wave vector and so can-not be compared directly to Rutherford cross sections

Election Integrity: A Pro-Voter Agenda

President Trump recently claimed millions voted illegally in the 2016 election, and called for a "major investigation" into fraud in our election system. His remarks come after years of battles in the states over voting laws that make it harder for many citizens to participate in our elections. Yet the clamor over voter suppression should not obscure a fundamental shared truth: American elections should be secure and free of misconduct. This paper outlines a six-part agenda to target fraud risks as they actually exist -- without unduly disenfranchising eligible citizens

A useful tool to identify recessions in the euro area

This paper investigates the identification and dating of the European business cycle, using different methods. We concentrate on methods and statistical series that provide timely and accurate information about the contemporaneous state of the economy in order to provide the reader with a useful tool that allows him or her to analyze current business conditions and make predictions about the future state of the economy. In this spirit, we find that the European Commission industrial confidence indicator (ICI) is useful in providing that information.business cycle, confidence indicators, markov switching, turning points, recession, tool to identify recessions in the euro area, Bengoechea, P�rez Quir�s,

Electron energy-loss spectrometry on lithiated graphite

Transmission electron energy-loss spectrometry was used to investigate the electronic states of metallic Li and LiC6, which is the Li-intercalated graphite used in Li-ion batteries. The Li K edges of metallic Li and LiC6 were nearly identical, and the C K edges were only weakly affected by the presence of Li. These results suggest only a small charge transfer from Li to C in LiC6, contrary to prior results from surface spectra obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Effects of radiation damage and sample oxidation in the transmission electron microscopy are also reported

A Transport Equation Theory of Electron Scattering

The use of the Boltzmann transport equation to describe electron scattering in electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis is discussed. A method of solution is given in which the transport equation is divided into angle and energy intervals. This gives rise to a number of coupled first order differential equations. Separation into forward and backward travelling components of the electron flux distribution enables the correct boundary conditions to be imposed. Solutions are derived which take the form of matrix operators analytic in both depth and target thickness. These matrices allow derivation of other physical quantities such as X-ray or Auger electron production. Calculations using this method are fast and accurate. Results are presented showing angular distributions of backscattered electrons and the variation of the backscattered fraction with angle of incidence and atomic number. The variations of backscattered, transmitted and absorbed fractions with target thickness are presented. The theory has also been applied to the calculation of the energy distributions of backscattered electrons, energy dissipation and X-ray production as functions of depth and the Auger backscattering factor. It appears that electron scattering in thick targets is not amenable to treatment using simple models. This is because most of the features of interest are determined by a combination of medium angle scattering (\u3c 20°) and large angle scattering (20-90°). Nevertheless certain approximations within the present framework, which describe multiple scattering correctly, can give some useful insights

Propuesta de dise?o curricular para el ?rea de m?sica en la escuela de formaci?n art?stica y musical "EFAM" del municipio de Venadillo - Tolima

54 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo de grado ?Propuesta de dise?o curricular para el ?rea de m?sica en la escuela de formaci?n art?stica y musical EFAM del municipio de Venadillo ? Tolima? tiene como prop?sito fundamental, la identificaci?n de las principales fortalezas de una escuela que ha funcionado durante dos a?os en la zona c?ntrica del municipio de Venadillo - Tolima, en las antiguas instalaciones de la c?rcel municipal, y que se ha convertido en el sitio de formaci?n inicial musical por excelencia entre los ni?os, j?venes y adultos que componen la zona norte del Departamento. Empero, entre sus muchos beneficios, la escuela carece de una propuesta curricular estructurada que les ha impedido a los estudiantes certificar los conocimientos adquiridos en la escuela de m?sica. Por ello, se hace una caracterizaci?n de su poblaci?n estudiantil, los recursos f?sicos y de talento humano, los requerimientos de formaci?n laboral de los estudiantes para de esta manera comenzar con el desarrollo de la propuesta curricular. Finalmente, dicha propuesta de dise?o curricular se socializa con toda la comunidad educativa para que estos aporten elementos al dise?o curricular e igualmente se les presenta como herramienta opcional, la implementaci?n de un proyecto educativo institucional PEI, para que la Escuela de Formaci?n, pase de ser una instituci?n no formal a un Instituto para el trabajo y el desarrollo humano con licencia de funcionamiento y registro del programa ante la secretaria de educaci?n municipal. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto de grado, se conto con el apoyo de profesionales en el ?rea de dise?o curricular, gesti?n educativa, dise?o de proyectos institucional, evaluaci?n institucional, profesionales en m?sica, psicolog?a y pedagog?a que enriquecieron enormemente el contenido del presente documento.This degree work "Proposed curriculum for the area of music in the school of artistic and musical training EFAM Venadillo Township - Tolima" fundamental purpose, identifying the main strengths of a school that has worked for two years in the central zone of Venadillo - Tolima, in the former premises of the municipal prison, and that has become the site of musical initial training for excellence among children, youth and adults that make up the northern department. However, among its many benefits, the school lacks a structured curriculum proposal that prevented students to certify the knowledge acquired in the school of music. Therefore, a characterization of its student population becomes, the physical and human talent resources, job training requirements of students in this way to start with the development of the proposed curriculum. Finally, this proposed curriculum is socialized with the entire educational community to bring these elements to the curriculum and also are presented as an optional tool, the implementation of an education project PEI, for the School of Education, through being an institution is not formally an Institute for work and human development with operating license and registration program to the municipal education secretary. For the development of this project grade, he had the support of professionals in the area of professional music, psychology and pedagogy that greatly enriched the contents of this document curriculum design, educational management, design of institutional projects, institutional evaluation. Keywords: music, curriculum, educational project, education for work

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) from the Research Center Nataima (Tolima-Colombia)

P?ginas 11-18En el Centro de Investigaci?n Nataima (Tolima, Colombia) durante abril y mayo de 2009 se realiz? un inventario de las mariposas diurnas presentes en cuatro diferentes lotes cultivados. Se coleccionaron 209 individuos pertenecientes a seis familias y 26 especies; Anartia jatrophae fue la m?s abundante (15 %). En el caso de Siproeta stelenes su abudancia es debida a las preferencias alimenticias de los adultos, mientras que para A. jatrophae, por su capacidad de desplazar otras especies de mariposas. El an?lisis de rarefacci?n demostr? que el n?mero de especies registrado no se aproxima a la riqueza real (X2 = 8.62, g.l = 7, p < 0.001), por lo que es necesario muestreos intensivos. Los valores de riqueza y diversidad fueron mayores en los lotes con vegetaci?n m?s heterog?nea. Los an?lisis de similaridad de Jaccard evindencian una baja afinidad (<21 %) en la comunidad de mariposas entre los lotes y ?pocas evaludas (abril y mayo).ABSTRACT. A survey of diurnal butterflies was carried out in four different crops, in the Nataima Research Center (Tolima, Colombia) during April and May 2009. A total of 209 specimens belonging to six families and 26 species were collected, Anartia jatrophae was the most abundant (15 %). The abundance of Siproeta stelenes is due to food preferences by adults, meanwhile A. jatrophae?s is because of its ability to displace other species of butterflies. The rarefaction analysis showed that the number of recorded species does not approach the real richness (X2 = 8.62, g.l = 7 p<0.001), requiring more intensive sampling. The richness and diversity values were higher in crops with more heterogeneous vegetation. Jaccard similarity analyses demonstrated a low affinity (<21 %) in the community of butterflies among the lots and periods evaluated (April and May)

La canci?n como estrategia pedag?gica para el fortalecimiento de la comprensi?n lectora en estudiantes del ciclo II del colegio General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla I.E.D.

182 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEsta propuesta de intervenci?n denominada ?la canci?n como estrategia pedag?gica para el fortalecimiento de la comprensi?n lectora en estudiantes de Ciclo II del colegio General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla IED? de la localidad de Kennedy, se enmarca en la Investigaci?n Formativa de la Universidad del Tolima y dentro de ?sta en la Investigaci?n Acci?n Participativa (IAP). La propuesta surgi? de la necesidad de cualificar los procesos de comprensi?n lectora de los estudiantes de tercero y cuarto grado de Primaria Ciclo II, teniendo en cuenta el poco gusto por la lectura y la indiferencia frente a este tipo de actividades. Por esta raz?n, se propuso el empleo de las canciones infantiles, folcl?ricas y modernas como estrategia pedag?gica para mejorar los procesos lectores de los estudiantes, teniendo en cuenta que el colegio tiene ?nfasis en artes y m?sica y que los estudiantes manifiestan su afici?n e inter?s por estas actividades. Adem?s, en la instituci?n educativa no se hab?an adelantado propuestas que estuvieran relacionadas con el uso de la canci?n, por lo que se consider? pertinente emplearla como mediaci?n significativa en los procesos de lectura de los educandos. La investigaci?n se orient? por el siguiente interrogante ?La canci?n como subg?nero po?tico es una estrategia pedag?gica adecuada para que los estudiantes del Ciclo II del Colegio General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla IED fortalezcan su proceso de comprensi?n lectora? De la misma manera, se pretend?a acercar a los estudiantes al g?nero l?rico, mediante la canci?n y al nivel sem?ntico a partir del contenido y mensaje expresado en su letra.ABSTRACT. This intervention proposal called "The song as a pedagogical strategy for strengthening reading comprehension in students of Cycle II of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla School? in the neighbourhood of Kennedy, is part of the Formative Research at the University and Participatory Action Research (PAR). The proposal arose from the need to evaluate the processes of reading comprehension of students in third and fourth grade of Elementary Cycle II, considering the little like for reading and indifference to such activities. For this reason, the employment of children, folk and modern songs as a teaching strategy is proposed to improve student reading processes, considering that the school has an emphasis on arts and music, and that students show joy for these activities. In addition, the school had never made proposals that were related to the use of the song before, so it was deemed appropriate to use it as a significant mean to improve reading processes of learners. The research was centered on the following question: Can the song, as poetic subgenre, be used as a pedagogical strategy and help students of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla School of Cycle II to strengthen their reading comprehension process? Similarly, it was intended to bring students close to lyric, song by the semantic level beyond content and message expressed in the lyrics.INTRODUCCI?N 16 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 18 2. JUSTIFICACI?N 21 3. MARCO TE?RICO Y ANTECEDENTES 24 3.1 ANTECEDENTES 24 3.2 MARCO LEGAL 28 3.3 MARCO EPISTEMOL?GICO 33 3.4 MARCO PEDAG?GICO 37 3.5 MARCO PSICOL?GICO 42 3.6 MARCO CONCEPTUAL 46 3.6.1 Estrategia Pedag?gica. 46 3.6.2 Did?ctica. 46 3.6.3 Ciclo. 46 3.6.3.1 Ciclo 2 48 3.6.4 La Lectura. 48 3.6.4.1 Comprensi?n lectora. 49 3.6.4.2 El lector 49 3.6.5 G?nero L?rico. 49 3.6.5.1 Poes?a 50 3.6.5.2 Verso 50 3.6.5.3 Rima 51 3.6.5.4 Ritmo 51 3.6.6 La Canci?n. 52 3.6.6.1Canciones infantiles 52 3.6.6.2 Canciones folcl?ricas. 53 3.6.6.3 Canciones populares. 53 3.6.6.4 Canciones modernas 53 4. OBJETIVOS 54 4.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 54 4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 54 5. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 55 5.1 TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 55 5.2 HIP?TESIS EXPLICATIVA 56 5.3 POBLACI?N 56 5.3.1 Muestra. 57 5.4 T?CNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS UTILIZADOS EN LA RECOLECCI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 58 5.5 INSTRUMENTOS UTILIZADOS PARA EL AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 59 5.6 FASES Y ETAPAS DEL PROCESO DE INTERVENCI?N PEDAG?GICA 60 5.6.1 Observaci?n. 60 5.6.2 Diagn?stico. 60 5.6.3 Caracterizaci?n. 61 5.6.4 Implementaci?n. 61 5.6.5 Fase 1. Sensibilizaci?n. 62 5.6.6 Fase 2. Aplicaci?n 62 5.6.7 Fase 3. Creaci?n y actividades complementarias. 63 6. AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 64 6.1PERFIL DEL ESTUDIANTE DE LA MUESTRA 64 6.1.1 Desde el g?nero. 64 6.1.2 Desde la edad. 64 6.1.3 Desde el contexto socio-econ?mico. 65 6.2 DESARROLLO DE LAS ACTIVIDADES PROPUESTAS Y RESULTADOS 66 6.2.1 Etapa de diagn?stico. 66 6.2.1.1 Resultado de las encuestas. 69 6.2.2 Fase 1. Sensibilizaci?n. 74 6.2.2.1 Actividad 1. Un poco de todo. 74 6.2.2.2 Actividad 2. Conociendo mi cultura. 75 6.2.2.3 Actividad 3. Reconstruyamos la historia 76 6.2.2.4 Actividad 4. Actuemos la canci?n. 77 6.2.2.5Actividad 5. Juguemos a predecir adivinando. 78 6.2.3 Fase 2. Aplicaci?n. Cantando y leyendo?comprendo 84 6.2.3.1 Actividad 1. La palabra clave. 84 6.2.3.2 Actividad 2. Retomemos la lectura 86 6.2.3.3 Actividad 3. Deduzco y argumento. 88 6.2.3.4 Actividad 4. M?s all? de las palabras 95 6.2.3.5 Actividad 5. El sentido de las palabras 100 6.2.3.6 Actividad 6. Argumento y propongo 101 6.2.4 Fase 3. Creaci?n y actividades complementarias 103 6.2.4.1 Actividad 1. Enriquezco mi vocabulario. 103 6.2.4.2 Actividad 2. Completo el verso. 105 6.2.4.3 Actividad 3. Dibuja la canci?n. 106 6.2.4.4 Actividad 4. Adivina el t?tulo. 109 6.2.4.5 Actividad 5. Creando y cantando 110 6.2.4.6 Creando y cantando (Segunda parte). 112 6.2.4.7 Comparto mi punto de vista 114 6.3 COMPARACI?N ENTRE LOS RESULTADOS DE LA PRUEBA DIAGN?STICA Y LOS RESULTADOS FINALES EN CUANTO A LOS NIVELES DE LECTURA 118 7. CONCLUSIONES 122 RECOMENDACIONES 124 REFERENCIAS 12

Agent-Based Modeling of Human-Induced Spread of Invasive Species in Agricultural Landscapes: Insights from the Potato Moth in Ecuador

Agent-based models (ABM) are ideal tools to deal with the complexity of pest invasion throughout agricultural socio-ecological systems, yet very few studies have applied them in such context. In this work we developed an ABM that simulates interactions between farmers and an invasive insect pest in an agricultural landscape of the tropical Andes. Our specific aims were to use the model 1) to assess the importance of farmers\' mobility and pest control knowledge on pest expansion and 2) to use it as an educational tool to train farmer communities facing pest risks. Our model combined an ecological sub-model, simulating pest population dynamics driven by a cellular automaton including environmental factors of the landscape, with a social model in which we incorporated agents (farmers) potentially transporting and spreading the pest through displacements among villages. Results of model simulation revealed that both agents\' movements and knowledge had a significant, non-linear, impact on invasion spread, confirming previous works on disease expansion by epidemiologists. However, heterogeneity in knowledge among agents had a low effect on invasion dynamics except at high levels of knowledge. Evaluations of the training sessions using ABM suggest that farmers would be able to better manage their crop after our implementation. Moreover, by providing farmers with evidence that pests propagated through their community not as the result of isolated decisions but rather as the result of repeated interactions between multiple individuals over time, our ABM allowed introducing them with social and psychological issues which are usually neglected in integrated pest management programs.Socio-Ecological Systems, Farmers, Invasive Pest, Long Distance Dispersion, Teaching