The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2

[EN] Insect and disease outbreaks in forests are biotic disturbances that can profoundly alter ecosystem dynamics. In many parts of the world, these disturbance regimes are intensifying as the climate changes and shifts the distribution of species and biomes. As a result, key forest ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, regulation of water flows, wood production, protection of soils, and the conservation of bio-diversity, could be increasingly compromised. Despite the relevance of these detri-mental effects, there are currently no spatially detailed databases that record insect and disease disturbances on forests at the pan-European scale. Here, we present the new Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances (DEFID2). It comprises over 650,000 harmonized georeferenced records, mapped as polygons or points, of insects and disease disturbances that occurred between 1963 and 2021 in European forests. The records currently span eight different countries and were acquired through diverse methods (e.g., ground surveys, remote sensing techniques). The records in DEFID2 are described by a set of qualitative attributes, including se-verity and patterns of damage symptoms, agents, host tree species, climate-driven trigger factors, silvicultural practices, and eventual sanitary interventions. They are further complemented with a satellite- based quantitative characterization of the affected forest areas based on Landsat Normalized Burn Ratio time series, and dam-age metrics derived from them using the LandTrendr spectral–temporal segmentation algorithm (including onset, duration, magnitude, and rate of the disturbance), and pos-sible interactions with windthrow and wildfire events. The DEFID2 database is a novel resource for many large-scale applications dealing with biotic disturbances. It offers a unique contribution to design networks of experiments, improve our understanding of ecological processes underlying biotic forest disturbances, monitor their dynamics, and enhance their representation in land-climate models. Further data sharing is en-couraged to extend and improve the DEFID2 database continuously. The database is freely available at https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc- opend ata/FOREST/DISTURBANCES/DEFID2/SIEC Joint Research Centre; European Commission, Grant/Award Number: 101059498; European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 101039567; Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization of Romania; LifeWatch— POC project, Grant/Award Number: 327/390003/06-11-202

Recomendaciones de la SECTCV para la cirugía cardiovascular. 2019 actualización de los estándares en organización, actividad profesional, calidad asistencial y formación en la especialidad

Resumen: La cirugía cardiovascular es la especialidad médica que se ocupa de la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico de los trastornos y enfermedades del sistema cardiocirculatorio. Los continuos y rápidos avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares justifican la necesidad de llevar a cabo una actualización de los principales aspectos definitorios y organizativos de la especialidad, relacionados con la profesión (de la práctica, calidad asistencial), con el programa docente de la especialidad, la formación continuada de los cirujanos, los procesos de acreditación desde la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica-Cardiovascular, entre otros.Este documento, elaborado por expertos de la cirugía cardiovascular, representa la opinión de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica-Cardiovascular y actualiza los principales aspectos de la especialidad en nuestro país. Abstract: Cardiovascular surgery is the medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of disorders and diseases of the circulatory system. The continuous and rapid advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases justify the need to update the main, defining, and organisational aspects of the specialty, related to the profession (its practice, quality care), aspects on the teaching program of the specialty, the continuing education program of the surgeons, the processes of accreditation from the Spanish Society of Thoracic-Cardiovascular Surgery, etc.This document, prepared by experts in cardiovascular surgery, represents the opinion of the Spanish Society of Thoracic-Cardiovascular surgery and updates the main aspects of the specialty in our country. Palabras clave: Cirugía cardiovascular, Cirugía cardíaca, Cirugía torácica, Cirugía vascular, Recomendaciones, Keywords: Cardiovascular surgery, Cardiac surgery, Thoracic surgery, Vascular surgery, Recommendation

The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2

Insect and disease outbreaks in forests are biotic disturbances that can profoundly alter ecosystem dynamics. In many parts of the world, these disturbance regimes are intensifying as the climate changes and shifts the distribution of species and biomes. As a result, key forest ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, regulation of water flows, wood production, protection of soils, and the conservation of biodiversity, could be increasingly compromised. Despite the relevance of these detrimental effects, there are currently no spatially detailed databases that record insect and disease disturbances on forests at the pan-European scale. Here, we present the new Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances (DEFID2). It comprises over 650,000 harmonized georeferenced records, mapped as polygons or points, of insects and disease disturbances that occurred between 1963 and 2021 in European forests. The records currently span eight different countries and were acquired through diverse methods (e.g., ground surveys, remote sensing techniques). The records in DEFID2 are described by a set of qualitative attributes, including severity and patterns of damage symptoms, agents, host tree species, climate-driven trigger factors, silvicultural practices, and eventual sanitary interventions. They are further complemented with a satellite-based quantitative characterization of the affected forest areas based on Landsat Normalized Burn Ratio time series, and damage metrics derived from them using the LandTrendr spectral–temporal segmentation algorithm (including onset, duration, magnitude, and rate of the disturbance), and possible interactions with windthrow and wildfire events. The DEFID2 database is a novel resource for many large-scale applications dealing with biotic disturbances. It offers a unique contribution to design networks of experiments, improve our understanding of ecological processes underlying biotic forest disturbances, monitor their dynamics, and enhance their representation in land-climate models. Further data sharing is encouraged to extend and improve the DEFID2 database continuously. The database is freely available at https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/FOREST/DISTURBANCES/DEFID2/