Perkembangan Dan Kandungan Nutrisi Larva Hermetia Illucens (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Pada Bungkil Kelapa Sawit

Hermetia illucens, is used as a reducing agent of palm kernel meal (PKM), as well as one of alternative protein sources for aquaculture purposes. Information about biology of H. illucens is absolutely required in mass production. The objectives of these researches were to study the development of H. illucens including the effect of supplementary food to the adult, and nutrient content of the immature stage. The sample of 20 larvae from each 3 replicates were measured and weighed on 0-19th day (larva) and 24th day (pupa) from egg hatching. H. illucens adults were fed by water and honey 5% (v/v). Eggs were collected and counted. Nutrient content of immature stage: 5, 10, 15, 20 days old (larvae), and 25 days old (prepupae) reared on PKM were analyzed proximately. Dry matter was determined by weight loss on drying at 105 oC during overnight. Crude protein was determined by Kjeldahl procedure (N x 6.25), crude fat by soxhlet (ether extract), crude ash by determining the residue after heating at 550 oC for 4–5 h. Data were analyzed descriptively by average from triplicate. The development of H. illucens was shorter than those in previous studies as the differences of abiotical factor. PKM was a suitable medium for development. It was better, however, to fed the adult with honey since it could enhance the fecundity. The young larva certainly contained the best quality of nutrition. To meet the quantity of mass production, however, the use of the elder larva (bigger) was suggested

Optimasi Pembacaan Spektrum Raman Portabel Untuk Pembacaan Spektrum Raman Preparathistologi Jaringanbph (Benign Prostate Hyperplasia)

Optimasi pembacaan spektrum Raman preparat jaringan menggunakan Raman portablediperlukan menghindari hasil spektrum yang bias dan mendapatkan spektrum serapan raman sampel biologis yang terbebas dari noise pembacaan, yang berakibat pada kesalahan interpretasi pembacaan data serapan/vibrasional gugus-gugus fungi senyawa kimia penyusun sampel biologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan metode optimasi pembacaan spektrum raman preparat jaringan yang valid dengan menggunakan Raman portable. Tahapan penelitian meliputi optimasi pengaruh background,pengaruh stabilitas penempatan preparat jaringan pada Raman portabel,pengaruh variasititik pengukuran, pengaruh variasi exposure time, pengaruh variasi laser power, dan pengaruh laser focal probe tip. Masing –masing spektrum Raman hasil optimasi metode dianalisis dengan metode HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukan metode pembacaan spektrum preparat jaringan dengan menggunakan Raman portabel yang optimal adalah dengan koreksi background, pembacaan preparat jaringan sampel dalam kondisi statis, pembacaan dilakukan pada satu titik pengukuran, penggunaan exposure time tertinggi yang sama pada setiap pembacaan, penggunaan laser power dengan nilai tertinggi yang sama setiap pembacaan, dan penggunaan nilai laser focal probe tip yang sama pada setiap pembacaan serta sampel harus berada menempel didepan probe tip

Prevalensi Infeksi Toxocara Cati pada Kucing Peliharaan di Kecamatan Banyuwangi

Toxocara cati (T.cati) merupakan parasit yang umumnya menyerang kucing, dan bersifat zoonosis sehingga termasuk parasit yang penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran prevalensi dari infeksi Toxocara cati pada kucing peliharaan di kecamatan Banyuwangi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dan menggunakan data dari pemeriksaan sampel feses kucing peliharaan di laboratorium. Pemeriksaan sampel feses dilaboratorium menggunakan tiga jenis metode yaitu metode natif, metode pengapungan dan metode sedimentasi. Hasil penelitiaan menunjukkan bahwa 33 dari 138 sampel kucing yang diperiksa positif terinfeksi T.cati, sehingga dapat dihitung besaran prevalensi infeksi T.cati sebesar 23,9%

Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Buah Hala (Pandanus tectorius) dalam Pelet Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Kering dan Bobot Kelinci Pedaging

Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek substitusi tepung buah hala dalam pelet pada konsumsi bahan kering dan pertambahan bobot badan harian pada kelinci jantan ras Flemish giant. Metode penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 pengulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor kelinci ras Flemish giant jantan berumur 1,5-2 bulan dengan bobot rata-rata 750 gram. Kelompok perlakuan pakan adalah P0 (100% pakan komersil), P1 (85% pakan komersil dengan 15% tepung buah hala), P2 (75% pakan komersil dengan 25% tepung buah hala), P3 (60% pakan komersil dengan 40% tepung buah hala) dan diberikan sebanyak 150 gram/hari untuk setiap kelompok. Data yang didapat dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan multiple test. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p0,05). Rata-rata konsumsi bahan kering/hari pada kelompok P0 hingga P3 adalah 121,088±0,57 gram; 120,12±2,11 gram; 119,98±0,87 gram; 118,19±0,67 gram. Rata-rata pertambahan bobot badan harian pada P0 hingga P3 adalah 84±0,79 gram; 83,1±0,89 gram; 78,6±2,84 gram; 74,5±2,09 gram. Pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kandungan tepung buah hala sebanyak 25% pada pakan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada konsumsi bahan kering dan pertambahan bobot kelinci bila dibandingkan dengan pelet komersil

Pyronaridine-Artesunate versus Chloroquine in Patients with Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Trial

BACKGROUND: New antimalarials are needed for P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. This study compared the efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate with that of chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated P. vivax malaria. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This phase III randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial included five centers across Cambodia, Thailand, India, and Indonesia. In a double-dummy design, patients (aged >3-≤ 60 years) with microscopically confirmed P. vivax mono-infection were randomized (1:1) to receive pyronaridine-artesunate (target dose 7.2:2.4 mg/kg to 13.8:4.6 mg/kg) or chloroquine (standard dose) once daily for three days. Each treatment group included 228 randomized patients. Outcomes for the primary endpoint, Day-14 cure rate in the per-protocol population, were 99.5%, (217/218; 95%CI 97.5, 100) with pyronaridine-artesunate and 100% (209/209; 95%CI 98.3, 100) with chloroquine. Pyronaridine was non-inferior to chloroquine: treatment difference -0.5% (95%CI -2.6, 1.4), i.e., the lower limit of the 2-sided 95%CI for the treatment difference was greater than -10%. Pyronaridine-artesunate cure rates were non-inferior to chloroquine for Days 21, 28, 35 and 42. Parasite clearance time was shorter with pyronaridine-artesunate (median 23.0 h) versus chloroquine (32.0 h; p<0.0001), as was fever clearance time (median 15.9 h and 23.8 h, respectively; p = 0.0017). Kaplan-Meier estimates of post-baseline P. falciparum infection incidence until Day 42 were 2.5% with pyronaridine-artesunate, 6.1% with chloroquine (p = 0.048, log-rank test). Post-baseline P. vivax or P. falciparum infection incidence until Day 42 was 6.8% and 12.4%, respectively (p = 0.022, log rank test). There were no deaths. Adverse events occurred in 92/228 (40.4%) patients with pyronaridine-artesunate and 72/228 (31.6%) with chloroquine. Mild and transient increases in hepatic enzymes were observed for pyronaridine-artesunate. CONCLUSION: Pyronaridine-artesunate efficacy in acute uncomplicated P. vivax malaria was at least that of chloroquine. As pyronaridine-artesunate is also efficacious against P. falciparum malaria, this combination has potential utility as a global antimalarial drug. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00440999

Graves' Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the metabolic propesses. Its disturbances will involve several organs, consequently. A 5 year old girl with Graves' diseases, after several weeks of treatment with propylthiouracil (PTV), developed thyrotoxicosis crisis and diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis; a condition which is usually fatal. Treatment toward the hyperthyroid state overcome the diabetic stage, eventually. This report is an example of an endocrinological interaction in a hyperthyroid patient. Therefore, the diabetogenic effect of hyperthyroxinemia should not be overlooked

Tadpole serum activity (Rana catesbeiana) in caspase-3 as a marker of the role of apoptosis and total cytotoxic T lymphocytes in albino rats' epithelial cells induced by neoplasia

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the tadpole's serum activity (Rana catesbeiana) in caspase-3 as a marker of the role of apoptosis and total cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in albino rats' epithelial cells induced by neoplasia. Tadpole serumcontains thyroxine hormone that may cause the metamorphosis process and control cell proliferation. Materials and Methods: Male rats were induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz (α)anthracene (DMBA) 20 mg/rats twice every week over 5 weeks to stimulate skin neoplasia. Tadpole serum injected intracutaneously after neoplasia is known. The negative control group (C−) was not exposed to DMBA and tadpole serum, while the positive control group (C+) was exposed to DMBA. Treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) were exposed DMBA and tadpole serum 100%, 75%, and 25%/rat/ day, respectively. Samples of skin organ were be made preparations immunohistochemistry interacted with caspase-3 and CTL antibody as the marker. Results: Based on the result, immunohistochemistry from skin neoplasia and given therapy of tadpole serum show that Treatment 1 was the highest caspase-3 and CTL expression. The result of caspase-3 expression in C−, C+, T1, T2, and T3 was 0.00c±0.000, 0.70bc±0.141, 2.00a±0.283, 1.10b±0.424, and 1.15b±0.495, respectively. The result of CTL expression in C−, C+, T1, T2, and T3 was 0.10d±0.200, 1.00c±0.230, 2.10a±0.529, 1.70ab±0.258, and 1.35bc±0.443, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that tadpole serum (R. catesbeiana) 100% concentration can increase caspase-3 and total CTL in albino rats' epithelial cells induced by neoplasia