Spatial incoherence of solar granulation: a global analysis using BiSON 2B data

A poor understanding of the impact of convective turbulence in the outer layers of the Sun and Sun-like stars challenges the advance towards an improved understanding of their internal structure and dynamics. Assessing and calibrating these effects is therefore of great importance. Here we study the spatial coherence of granulation noise and oscillation modes in the Sun, with the aim of exploiting any incoherence to beat-down observed granulation noise, hence improving the detection of low-frequency p-modes. Using data from the BiSON 2B instrument, we assess the coherence between different atmospheric heights and between different surface regions. We find that granulation noise from the different atmospheric heights probed is largely incoherent; frequency regions dominated by oscillations are almost fully coherent. We find a randomised phase difference for the granulation noise, and a near zero difference for the evanescent oscillations. A reduction of the incoherent granulation noise is shown by application of the cross-spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in pres

MOE11 Emittance Growth from the Thermalization of Space-Charge Nonuniformities

Beams injected into a linear focusing channel typically have some degree of space-charge nonuniformity. In general, injected particle distributions with systematic charge nonuniformities are not equilibria of the focusing channel and launch a broad spectrum of collective modes. These modes can phase-mix and have nonlinear wave-wave interactions which, at high space-charge intensities, results in a relaxation to a more thermal-like distribution characterized by a uniform density profile. This thermalization can transfer self-field energy from the initial space-charge nonuniformity to the local particle temperature, thereby increasing beam phase space area (emittance growth). In this paper, we employ a simple kinetic model of a continuous focusing channel and build on previous work that applied system energy and charge conservation quantify emittance growth associated with the collective thermalization of an initial azimuthally symmetric, rms matched beam with a radial density profile that is hollowed or peaked. This emittance growth is shown to be surprisingly modest even for high beam intensities with significant radial structure in the initial density profile.Comment: Paper MOE11, XX International Linac Conference, Monterey, CA 21-25 August 2000 3 pages, 3 figure

Efficient computation of matched solutions of the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij envelope equations for periodic focusing lattices

A new iterative method is developed to numerically calculate the periodic, matched beam envelope solution of the coupled Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) equations describing the transverse evolution of a beam in a periodic, linear focusing lattice of arbitrary complexity. Implementation of the method is straightforward. It is highly convergent and can be applied to all usual parameterizations of the matched envelope solutions. The method is applicable to all classes of linear focusing lattices without skew couplings, and also applies to all physically achievable system parameters -- including where the matched beam envelope is strongly unstable. Example applications are presented for periodic solenoidal and quadrupole focusing lattices. Convergence properties are summarized over a wide range of system parameters.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, Mathematica source code provide

Late quaternary paleomagnetic secular variation and chronostratigraphy from ODP sites 1233 and 1234

During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 202, detailed shipboard paleomagnetic measurements at Sites 1233 and 1234 identified a reproducible high-resolution record of paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) at each site. These records also contained evidence for three magnetic field excursions. This paper summarizes the complete paleomagnetic record from Site 1233 and the paleomagnetic record for the uppermost 30 meters from Site 1234. We also establish a detailed PSV correlation between the two sites, located ~500 km apart. Twenty-seven accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates permit us to develop time-depth plots and detailed PSV time series for the last ~50,000 yr at both sites. Based on our chronostratigraphy, the most recent excursions occur at ~35,000 cal. yr before present (BP) (Excursion 3) and ~41,000 cal. yr BP (Excursion 3). The excursions were named for the oxygen isotope stages within which they occur. These two excursions are not significantly different in age from the Mono Lake Excursion and Laschamp Excursion. A third, older excursion, which has not yet been adequately dated, also occurs at Site 1233

Transverse centroid oscillations in solenoidially focused beam transport lattices

Linear equations of motion are derived that describe small-amplitude centroid oscillations induced by displacement and rotational misalignments of the focusing solenoids in the transport lattice, dipole steering elements, and initial centroid offset errors. These equations are analyzed in a local rotating Larmor frame to derive complex-variable"alignment functions" and"bending functions" that efficiently describe the characteristics of the centroid oscillations induced by mechanical misalignments of the solenoids and dipole steering elements. The alignment and bending functions depend only on properties of the ideal lattice in the absence of errors and steering and have associated expansion amplitudes set by the misalignments and steering fields. Applications of this formulation are presented for statistical analysis of centroid deviations, calculation of actual lattice misalignments from centroid measurements, and optimal beam steering

Intrathecal enzyme replacement for Hurler syndrome: biomarker association with neurocognitive outcomes.

PurposeAbnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been reported in Hurler syndrome, a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal disorder. While no biomarker has predicted neurocognitive response to treatment, one of these abnormalities, glycosaminoglycan nonreducing ends (NREs), holds promise to monitor therapeutic efficacy. A trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) added to standard treatment enabled tracking of CSF abnormalities, including NREs. We evaluated safety, biomarker response, and neurocognitive correlates of change.MethodsIn addition to intravenous ERT and hematopoietic cell transplantation, patients (N = 24) received intrathecal ERT at four peritransplant time points; CSF was evaluated at each point. Neurocognitive functioning was quantified at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years posttransplant. Changes in CSF biomarkers and neurocognitive function were evaluated for an association.ResultsOver treatment, there were significant decreases in CSF opening pressure, biomarkers of disease activity, and markers of inflammation. Percent decrease in NRE from pretreatment to final intrathecal dose posttransplant was positively associated with percent change in neurocognitive score from pretreatment to 2 years posttransplant.ConclusionIntrathecal ERT was safe and, in combination with standard treatment, was associated with reductions in CSF abnormalities. Critically, we report evidence of a link between a biomarker treatment response and neurocognitive outcome in Hurler syndrome

Detailed paleomagnetic and rock magnetic variability within three high-resolution study intervals from site 1233

We carried out a detailed rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study of deep-sea sediments from selected intervals of Site 1233 in order to assess whether they contain reproducible evidence for submillennial-scale environmental, climatic, and geomagnetic field variability. Three 1.5-m sediment intervals from oxygen isotope Stages 1, 2, and 3 were sampled using continuous U-channels; replicate sediment sequences were collected from two or three holes in each interval to test for reproducibility. Rock magnetic and paleomagnetic measurements were made at 1- cm intervals. Rock magnetic results identify distinctive centennial (~150–300 yr)- and millennial-scale variability that is probably continuous over the entire Site 1233 record. They also show evidence for intermittent multidecadal-scale rock magnetic variability. The rock magnetic variability allows us to modify the meters composite depth (mcd) correlation in each of the three high-resolution intervals to permit correlations between holes at ~5-cm resolution. Paleomagnetic results indicate that there is also a reproducible pattern of paleomagnetic secular variation at the centennial to millennial scale. The centennial-scale variability is dominated by ~5°–10° oscillations in both inclination and declination with an average interval of ~200–300 yr. Deconvolution studies and paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) correlations between holes both suggest that the PSVs are real and not caused by similar-scale rock magnetic variability. The paleomagnetic results also document distinctive, larger-amplitude multicentennial- and millennial-scale directional variability that is consistent with preliminary shipboard paleomagnetic studies