Public Health Policy and Infectious Disease Control: Lessons from Recent Outbreaks

This research explores the complex dynamics of public health policy and its crucial role in managing pandemics, considering the unprecedented challenges presented by recent outbreaks of infectious diseases. Examining the worldwide consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ebola outbreak, we analyze the insights gained from these emergencies, highlighting the necessity for flexible policy development, cooperative endeavors, and the incorporation of community-led strategies. This study adds to the current discussion on pandemic preparedness and the development of robust public health systems. This research paper examines the significant influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ebola outbreak on worldwide public health. It specifically analyzes the efficacy of public health policies and the involvement of mathematical models in managing infectious diseases. Understanding the development of public health responses requires considering the historical context of infectious disease outbreaks such as the Spanish Flu, H1N1, SARS, and MERS. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ebola outbreak, taking into account their distinct challenges and contextual factors. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented a multifaceted global health crisis that requires swift and flexible public health measures. Conversely, the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo revealed difficulties that are unique to areas affected by conflict and emphasized the significance of involving the community in efforts to control the disease. The paper explores the global ramifications of these outbreaks, encompassing not only health consequences but also economic, societal, and international relations implications. The interdependence of global health is examined by analyzing the responses to COVID-19 and Ebola, highlighting the crucial requirement for collaborative endeavors, exchange of information, and fair allocation of resources. The research utilizes a case study methodology, specifically examining the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ebola outbreak as illustrative instances. Data collection encompasses the evaluation of implemented public health policies, the utilization of mathematical models for analysis, and the contemplation of ethical ramifications in the study of global health emergencies. The paper concludes by providing policy recommendations derived from the insights gained from these outbreaks. It highlights the importance of flexible and data-driven policymaking, international collaboration, and the incorporation of community-led strategies

Health Policy Implementation in Developing Nations: Challenges and Solutions

Putting health plans into action in poor countries is hard for many reasons, which makes it harder to provide good healthcare to the people who live there. Policies are often hard to put into action because of a lack of money, facilities, and skilled healthcare workers. Also, government uncertainty and corruption can make health projects less effective than they were meant to be.  One major obstacle is the insufficient funding allocated to health programs, leading to inadequate facilities and a shortage of essential medical supplies. This financial constraint exacerbates the difficulty of attracting and retaining qualified healthcare professionals, perpetuating a cycle of suboptimal healthcare delivery.Infrastructure deficiencies, including poor road networks and limited access to remote areas, further compound implementation challenges. These obstacles impede the timely and equitable distribution of healthcare services, disproportionately affecting rural and marginalized communities.Political instability and corruption introduce an additional layer of complexity, compromising the integrity of health policy implementation. Unstable political environments often result in inconsistent policy frameworks, hindering long-term planning and sustainable healthcare improvements. Corruption erodes trust in the healthcare system, discouraging public participation and impeding the successful execution of health policies.To address these challenges, a multi-faceted approach is essential. Increased international collaboration and financial assistance can alleviate resource constraints, while targeted capacity-building initiatives can bolster the healthcare workforce. Improved infrastructure development, especially in rural areas, is crucial for ensuring widespread access to healthcare services. Additionally, fostering political stability and implementing anti-corruption measures are vital steps toward creating an enabling environment for successful health policy implementation in developing nations

Comparative Performance of Some Improved Poultry Crossbreds Under Konkan Region of India

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted at Poultry Farm, College of Agriculture, Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidhyapeeth to assess the comparative performance of some improved poultry crossbred during laying period. The trial was carried out on five different types of improved poultry crossbred namely, -Giriraja x Delham Red (T1), Delham Red x White Leghorn (T2), Giriraja x Asselkala (T3), Delham Red x Giriraja (T4), Asselkala x Giriraja (T5) and two purebred groups like Delham Red and Vanraja. About 147 experimental birds were replicated three times and each replication consisted of seven birds in seven treatments in a Completely Randomized design. The feed consumption during early laying period and peak laying period differed significantly (P<0.05) between the groups. The average egg production was significantly (P<0.05) different in the treatments during early and peak laying period. The gross returns from the eggs of purebreds was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the crossbreds. It can therefore be concluded that, feed consumption is lower in purebreds than crossbreds. The average egg production is more in purebreds as compared to crossbreds up to peak laying period. Considering the minimum feed consumption and feed cost with maximum egg production and gross returns were observed in purebreds vis-a-vis crossbreds

Convincing the crowd: entrepreneurial storytelling in crowdfunding campaigns

This study examines the structure of entrepreneurial stories in pursuit of mobilizing resources from crowds. Based on a comparative analysis of Kickstarter crowdfunding campaigns, we examine in particular how, across different project types, project histories and potential futures are framed and interlinked in narratives to appeal to funders. We find that projects are narrated in different styles—as ongoing journeys” or “results-inprogress”— to convey project value. The former style narrates projects as longer-term endeavors powered by creative initial ideas and a bold vision, inviting audiences to “join the journey”; the latter narrates projects more narrowly as a progression of accomplishments, engaging the audience instrumentally to support next steps. We find that styles are used and combined in different ways, reflecting the tangibility of project outcomes, the sophistication of technology, and the social orientation of projects. Also, successful differ from unsuccessful campaigns in using narratives more coherently. Findings inform research on narrative processes in entrepreneurship and innovation, and research on the mobilization of crowds

User-made immobilities: a transitions perspective

In this paper we aim to conceptualize the role of users in creating, expanding and stabilizing the automobility system. Drawing on transition studies we offer a typology of user roles including user-producers, user-legitimators, user-intermediaries, user-citizens and user-consumers, and explore it on the historical transition to the automobile regime in the USA. We find that users play an important role during the entire transition process, but some roles are more salient than others in particular phases. Another finding is that the success of the transition depends on the stabilization of the emerging regime that will trigger upscaling in terms of the numbers of adopters. The findings are used to reflect on potential crossovers between transitions and mobilities research

Entrepreneurial sons, patriarchy and the Colonels' experiment in Thessaly, rural Greece

Existing studies within the field of institutional entrepreneurship explore how entrepreneurs influence change in economic institutions. This paper turns the attention of scholarly inquiry on the antecedents of deinstitutionalization and more specifically, the influence of entrepreneurship in shaping social institutions such as patriarchy. The paper draws from the findings of ethnographic work in two Greek lowland village communities during the military Dictatorship (1967–1974). Paradoxically this era associated with the spread of mechanization, cheap credit, revaluation of labour and clear means-ends relations, signalled entrepreneurial sons’ individuated dissent and activism who were now able to question the Patriarch’s authority, recognize opportunities and act as unintentional agents of deinstitutionalization. A ‘different’ model of institutional change is presented here, where politics intersects with entrepreneurs, in changing social institutions. This model discusses the external drivers of institutional atrophy and how handling dissensus (and its varieties over historical time) is instrumental in enabling institutional entrepreneurship

Historical institutionalism and the politics of sustainable energy transitions: a research agenda

Improving the understanding of the politics of sustainable energy transitions has become a major focus for research. This paper builds on recent interest in institutionalist approaches to consider in some depth the agenda arising from a historical institutionalist perspective on such transitions. It is argued that historical institutionalism is a valuable complement to socio-technical systems approaches, offering tools for the explicit analysis of institutional dynamics that are present but implicit in the latter framework, opening up new questions and providing useful empirical material relevant for the study of the wider political contexts within which transitions are emerging. Deploying a number of core concepts including veto players, power, unintended consequences, and positive and negative feedback in a variety of ways, the paper explores research agendas in two broad areas: understanding diversity in transition outcomes in terms of the effects of different institutional arrangements, and the understanding of transitions in terms of institutional development and change. A range of issues are explored, including: the roles of electoral and political institutions, regulatory agencies, the creation of politically credible commitment to transition policies, power and incumbency, institutional systems and varieties of capitalism, sources of regime stability and instability, policy feedback effects, and types of gradual institutional change. The paper concludes with some observations on the potential and limitations of historical institutionalism, and briefly considers the question of whether there may be specific institutional configurations that would facilitate more rapid sustainable energy transitions

Knowledge dynamics in the tourism-social entrepreneurship nexus

Tourism is often employed as a vehicle for facilitating social-economic development, however its usefulness has been somewhat limited in relation to addressing social issues, and in particular, those issues relating to poverty. This is partly due to the lack of cross-sectoral interactions and knowledge exchange between private, public and third sectors that are needed to create effective and appropriate initiatives to leverage tourism for social benefits. Such traditional sectoral boundaries can be broken down through social entrepreneurship approaches which concomitantly, facilitate the creation and synergizing of social innovation that addresses persistent social issues. Yet to date, the utility of cross-sectoral knowledge dynamics still remains largely under-researched in both the social entrepreneurship and tourism literature. This chapter introduces readers to the concept of knowledge dynamics and discusses knowledge dynamics in the tourism and social entrepreneurship nexus via a case study of community-based tourism in Mai Hich, Vietnam. We argue that by gaining an enhanced understanding of cross-sectoral knowledge dynamics, we can strengthen the overall praxis of tourism and social entrepreneurship, and in particular, assist policymakers in fostering conditions that generate increased innovation.Griffith Business School, Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel ManagementNo Full Tex

Machina ex Deus? From Distributed to Orchestrated Agency

In this chapter, the author draws on a historical case study of the Australian wine industry to explore variations in collective agency. The inductively derived process model illustrates the emergence of a new profession of scientific win- emaking, which unfolds in three phases. Each phase is characterized by a dis- tinct form of agency: distributed agency during the earliest phase, coordinated agency during later phases, and orchestrated agency during consolidation. In addition to exploring the temporal shifts in agency, the study includes a detailed analysis of the early stages of distributed agency, examining how col- lective agency is achieved in the absence of shared intentions