Identifying Road Accidents Severity Problems Using Data Mining Approaches

Roadway traffic safety is a major concern for transportation governing agencies as well as ordinarycitizens. In order to give safe driving suggestions, carefulanalysis of roadway traffic data is critical to find outvariables that are closely related to fatal accidents. Inthis paper we apply statistics analysis and data miningalgorithms on the FARS Fatal Accident dataset as an attempt to address this problem. The relationship betweenfatal rate and other attributes including collision manner,weather, surface condition, light condition, and drunkdriver were investigated. Association rules were discoveredby Apriori algorithm, classification model was built byNaive Bayes classifier, and clusters were formed by simple K-means clustering algorithm. Here we are also using one more classification technique for comparing with Naïve bayes classifier. Certain safety driving suggestions were made based on statistics, association rules, classification model, and clusters obtained

Appearance of a double bubble in achalasia cardia: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Achalasia cardia is characterized by failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax in response to swallowing and by an absence of peristalsis in the esophageal body. Absence of a gastric air bubble is a well known radiological finding. Pneumatic balloon dilatation results in reappearance of the gastric bubble.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 43-year-old Indian man with achalasia cardia whose chest X-ray at the time of presentation showed an air bubble in the gastric region causing a diagnostic quandary. Successful dilatation of the lower esophageal sphincter resulted in the appearance of another air bubble in the gastric region. Proper analysis showed that the first bubble was actually a colonic air bubble of the splenic flexure and the appearance of the second bubble was the anticipated gastric air bubble.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In patients presenting with achalasia cardia, a colonic air bubble may be seen in the gastric region causing diagnostic difficulty. In these patients, a gastric air bubble may appear after pneumatic dilatation. At the end of the procedure, there will be two air bubbles ("double bubble"): a colonic and a gastric air bubble. To our knowledge, this finding has not been reported in the literature thus far.</p

Biodiesel Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Oleaginous Microbes: Prospects for Integrated Biofuel Production

Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, renewable, and potential liquid biofuel mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel has been produced initially from vegetable oils, non-edible oils, and waste oils. However, these feedstocks have several disadvantages such as requirement of land and labor and remain expensive. Similarly, in reference to waste oils, the feedstock content is succinct in supply and unable to meet the demand. Recent studies demonstrated utilization of lignocellulosic substrates for biodiesel production using oleaginous microorganisms. These microbes accumulate higher lipid content under stress conditions, whose lipid composition is similar to vegetable oils. In this paper, feedstocks used for biodiesel production such as vegetable oils, non-edible oils, oleaginous microalgae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria have been illustrated. Thereafter, steps enumerated in biodiesel production from lignocellulosic substrates through pretreatment, saccharification and oleaginous microbe-mediated fermentation, lipid extraction, transesterification, and purification of biodiesel are discussed. Besides, the importance of metabolic engineering in ensuring biofuels and biorefinery and a brief note on integration of liquid biofuels have been included that have significant importance in terms of circular economy aspects.Fil: Chintagunta, Anjani Devi. Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research. Department of Biotechnology; IndiaFil: Zuccaro, Gaetano. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia. Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; ItaliaFil: Kumar, Mahesh. Central Agricultural University; IndiaFil: Kumar, S. P. Jeevan. Indian Institute of Seed Science; India. Directorate of Floricultural Research; IndiaFil: Garlapati, Vijay Kumar. Jaypee University of Information Technology; IndiaFil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Kumar, N. S. Sampath. Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research. Department of Biotechnology; IndiaFil: Chandel, Anuj K.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Simal Gandara, Jesus. Universidad de Vigo; Españ

Screening and Optimization of Physical Parameters for Enhanced Alkaline Protease Production by Alkaliphilic Bacillus Subtilis SH2 Isolate

The present investigations dealt with the optimization of the physical parameters for production of alkaline protease by alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis SH-2 isolated from slaughter house soil of Warangal, Telangana State, India. Primary screening of four different samples revealed one potent isolate. Morphological and Biochemical characterization followed by Molecular signature of 16s rRNA homology confirmed that the isolate SH-2 belongs to Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis SH-2 was screened on four different reported mediums (M1213, M660, Horikoshi and Halophilic Bacillus medium) under shake culture conditions. Maximum alkaline protease production (500 EU/ml) obtained on M1213 and Horikoshi mediums. Further optimization of physical parameters by OVAT method revealed that mean generation time (41.18 min), 4% level inoculum, incubation time 72 hrs, pH 10, temperature 350C and agitation 150 rpm are ideal for enzyme production. OVAT method resulted in 2.2 fold increased production of alkaline protease production (1100 EU/ml)

Modeling And Biomechanical Analysis Of Human Knee Joint

The main objective of the present work is to implement the computer aided technology to study the biomechanical behavior of human knee joint which consists of Femur, Tibia, Patella, Menisci, Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), and Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL). Three-Dimensional (3D) model of knee joint was created. The Mechanical properties like young’s modules, Poisson’s ratio of the human bones will vary from person to person, in general according to age, weight, gender, and feeding habits. We considered for this work to create a 3D model using cadaver bones of male 30years old, 1.70m tall, and weight was 66kg.which is collected from Anatomy Department of SRM Medical College and Research Institute, Kattankulathur. The individual bones femur, tibia and patella are modeled using Solid Works. The biomechanical behavior of individual bone, assembly model and flexion angles under varying loading conditions are studied

Seed birth to death: dual functions of reactive oxygen species in seed physiology

Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be detrimental to seed viability. However, recent studies have demonstrated that ROS have key roles in seed germination particularly in the release of seed dormancy and embryogenesis, as well as in protection from pathogens. Scope This review considers the functions of ROS in seed physiology. ROS are present in all cells and at all phases of the seed life cycle. ROS accumulation is important in breaking seed dormancy, and stimulating seed germination and protection from pathogens. However, excessive ROS accumulation can be detrimental. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms by which ROS influence seed physiology will provide insights that may not only allow the development of seed quality markers but also help us understand how dormancy can be broken in several recalcitrant species. Conclusions Reactive oxygen species have a dual role in seed physiology. Understanding the relative importance of beneficial and detrimental effects of ROS provides great scope for the improvement and maintenance of seed vigour and quality, factors that may ultimately increase crop yields

Seed Quality Markers: A Review

INTRODUCTION Seed provides food, feed, fibre and most importantly conserve the species in the form of a tiny size to adapt to the environment. Seed is the harbinger for agricultural productivity; however, burgeoning population, reduction in land holding size due to urbanization and tremendous demand for quality food is an upcoming challenges to be confronted. Under such odds, it is inevitable to have quality seeds that enable successful stand establishment and crop improvement. Seed quality comprises of seed germination, vigour, genetic purity and health estate of seed [1] . Quality seeds germinate completely at faster rate with vigorous seedlings of little sensitivity to climatic changes that enable them to adapt broad range of environmental conditions Recent studies have demonstrated some evidence as potential markers at biochemical, molecular levels. Antioxidants, integrity of membrane determination by electrolyte leakage, ethylene production during imbitions phase, changes in raffinose family oligosachharides and 11 S globulin β-subunit, late embyrogenesis abundant protein and heat shock protein changes are reliable indicators of seed germination, performance, maturity and seed priming treatments Antioxidants Seed quality maintenance during seed production is inevitable as reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis takes place during metabolic process. ROS comprises of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen which has adverse Review Article ABSTRACT Seed is a basic input for agriculture productivity and germplasm conservation. Seed quality predominantly comprises of germination and vigour which are quintessential for successful stand establishment. On the other hand, seed industries are thriving to improve the crop yield through control of seed vigour. Possibilities of seed vigour could be improved by seed priming and post-harvest processing. So far, during seed production at a commercial scale, maturity used to monitor visually which necessitates the expertise of growers. It is the need of the hour to develop markers that aid in identifying optimum harvest time. Markers could be developed by clearly understanding the physiological, biochemical, molecular mechanisms involved in seed quality (germination and vigour). From the recent studies, several promising markers such as cell cycle markers, electrolyte leakage, ethylene production, sugar metabolism, proteins, antioxidants and telomeres have been suggested as reliable markers to monitor the seed quality process. Such markers not only help to identify the seedling stages but also facilitate a better understanding of seed priming treatments. effects on lipids, DNA, RNA, and proteins that ultimately leads to cell death. The condition could be more deteriorative if the seed biochemical composition is enriched with oil/lipid content. For example, ROS damages the integrity of cell membranes, alters the permeability and fluidity through peroxidation of lipids Antioxidants such as tocopherols, phenols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and thiols are non-enzymatic in nature whereas, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase are the major enzymatic moieties. The enzymatic antioxidants mainly execute its function through detoxification mechanisms. For example, superoxide (free radical) has been dismutated by SOD to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Further, catalase detoxifies the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. These enzyme activities are directly correlated with ROS maintenance at non-toxic levels which may serve as markers. Bailley et al. Membrane Integrity Unlike recalcitrant seeds, orthodox seeds undergo desiccation tolerance after maturation. Membrane integrity is one of the important features to confront the desiccation tolerance to remain seed viability Ethylene as Indicator Ethylene synthesis in higher plants takes place through 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFO) In addition to the above markers, some molecules such as RFO are of particular interest. RFO accumulates during seed maturation and helps to maintain the intracellular contents in glassy state through increase in cytoplasmic viscosity and glass to liquid transition temperatures. These modifications help in to restrain ageing effect Cell Cycle Markers In higher plants, the embryo development needs endosperm nourishment. In angiosperms, the embryo is formed by the fusion of one nucleus from male gametophyte and the other from female gametophyte. Thus, the embryo is in 2 n stage representing a dploid genome (2n). In seeds, at different developmental stages mitotic/endoreduplication takes place, as a result, physiological state of a seed could be easily understood. In embryo, a typical proliferative cell undergoes mitosis where 2 n is duplicated to 4 n condition after &apos;S&apos; phase; thereafter, in mitosis where the DNA content is divided into two daughter nuclei (4 n to 2 n) as depicted in Unlike embryonic cells, some endosperm cells undergo endoreduplication where repeated rounds of DNA replication occur in nuclei without the mitotic stage which leads to formation of endopolyploid cells. This striking feature could be studied through flow cytometry to estimate the DNA content with fluorochrome Figure 2. Typical proliferative cell cycle stages in embryo. In embryo, a typical proliferative cell undergoes mitosis where 2n is duplicated to 4n condition after &apos;S&apos; phase; thereafter, in mitosis where the DNA content is divided into two daughter nuclei (4n to 2n). In case of non-proliferative cells (seed maturation stage) it undergoes quiescent G 0 stage from G 1 phase. From the above discussion, it is imperative to deduce a yardstick of seed maturity with the ratio of endosperm to embryo nuclei which will provide the insights. Several reports suggested the utility of endosperm to embryo ratio; for example, in sugarbeet, it is about 3:2 and 9:1 at 21 day old developing and 36 (mature) day old seeds respectivel

Interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in K-doped EuFe2As2

Superconductivity is found in 50% K-doped EuFe2As2 sample below 33 K. Our results of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and 57Fe and 151Eu Mossbauer spectroscopy provide clear evidence that the ordering of the Fe moments observed at 190 K in undoped EuFe2As2 is completely suppressed in our 50% K doped sample, thus there is no coexistence between the Fe magnetic order and the superconducting state. However, short range ordering of the Eu moments is coexisting with the superconducting state below 15 K. A bump in the susceptibility well below Tc as well as a slight broadening of the Fe Mossbauer line below 15 K evidence an interplay between the Eu magnetism and the superconducting state.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure