A Study of the Holding Power of the Elizabethton Community Schools

Purpose of the Study: Because of the serious problem revealed by available statistics, the writer was urged to study the problem of school withdrawals from Elizabethton High School and its fourteen feeder schools in Carter County, Tennessee. It was hoped that the results of such a study would reveal some possibilities of increasing the holding power of these schools, and that the schools could then help more youth reach their potential or optimum development. Concern about the problem of high school withdrawal has been prevalent for some time, but little or no anxiety has been expressed for the problem of elementary school leavers. The writer felt it was of vital importance to study this problem of pupil survival of the Elizabethton High School and its fourteen feeder schools in the light of the preceding statements and the following information: 1. Many students exhibited a disinterested attitude toward school work. 2. Many students left without giving an intelligent reason. 3. There was evidence that the school was not exhausting all its resources to motivate optimum development in all pupils. 4. Approximately 45 per cent dropped out of school prior to graduation, 44 per cent graduated, and 11 per cent were continuing in school after failing a grade

Chicora research contribution 587

This report provides the results of a cultural resources investigation of a 6.01 mile transmission line situated in the central east portion of Dorchester County and central west portion of Berkeley County. The work is intended to assist this client comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800

Validation of FOAM near-surface ocean current forecasts using Lagrangian drifting buoys

In this study, the quality of near-surface current forecasts from the FOAM ocean forecasting system is assessed using the trajectories of Lagrangian drifting buoys. A method is presented for deriving pseudo-Eulerian estimates of ocean currents from the positions of Surface Velocity Program drifters and the resulting data are compared to velocities observed by the global tropical moored buoy array. A quantitative analysis of the global FOAM velocities is performed for the period 2007 and 2008 using currents derived from over 3000 unique drifters (providing an average of 650 velocity observations per day). A potential bias is identified in the Southern Ocean which appears to be caused by wind-slip in the drifter dataset as a result of drogue loss. The drifter-derived currents are also used to show how the data assimilation scheme and a recent system upgrade impact upon the quality of FOAM current forecasts

Implementation of a Matrix Crack Spacing Parameter in a Continuum Damage Mechanics Finite Element Model

Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) based progressive damage and failure analysis (PDFA) methods have demonstrated success in a variety of finite element analysis (FEA) implementations. However, the technical maturity of CDM codes has not yet been proven for the full design space of composite materials in aerospace applications. CDM-based approaches represent the presence of damage by changing the local material stiffness definitions and without updating the original mesh or element integration schemes. Without discretely representing cracks and their paths through the mesh, damage in models with CDM-based materials is often distributed in a region of partially damaged elements ahead of stress concentrations. Having a series of discrete matrix cracks represented by a softened region may affect predictions of damage propagation and, thus, structural failure. This issue can be mitigated by restricting matrix damage development to discrete, fiber-aligned rows of elements; hence CDM-based matrix cracks can be implemented to be more representative of discrete matrix cracks. This paper evaluates the effect of restricting CDM matrix crack development to discrete, fiber-aligned rows where the spacing of these rows is controlled by a user-defined crack spacing parameter. Initially, the effect of incrementally increasing matrix crack spacing in a unidirectional center notch coupon is evaluated. Then, the lessons learned from the center notch specimen are applied to open-hole compression finite element models. Results are compared to test data, and the limitations, successes, and potential of the matrix crack spacing approach are discussed

Touch inhibits touch: sanshool-induced paradoxical tingling reveals perceptual interaction between somatosensory submodalities

Human perception of touch is mediated by inputs from multiple channels. Classical theories postulate independent contributions of each channel to each tactile feature, with little or no interaction between channels. In contrast to this view, we show that inputs from two sub-modalities of mechanical input channels interact to determine tactile perception. The flutter-range vibration channel was activated anomalously using hydroxy-α-sanshool, a bioactive compound of Szechuan pepper, which chemically induces vibration-like tingling sensations. We tested whether this tingling sensation on the lips was modulated by sustained mechanical pressure. Across four experiments, we show that sustained touch inhibits sanshool tingling sensations in a location-specific, pressure-level and time-dependent manner. Additional experiments ruled out the mediation of this interaction by nociceptive or affective (C-tactile) channels. These results reveal novel inhibitory influence from steady pressure onto flutter-range tactile perceptual channels, consistent with early-stage interactions between mechanoreceptor inputs within the somatosensory pathway