Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary reverse mapping: a tailoring axillary staging in breast cancer

peer reviewedThe status of the axillary lymph nodes is one of the most important prognostic factors in women with early stage breast cancer. Histologic examination of removed lymph nodes is the most accurate method for assessing spread of disease to these nodes. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) remains the standard approach for women who have clinically palpable axillary nodes. The benefits of ALND include its impact on disease control (axillary recurrence and survival), its prognostic value, and its role in treatment selection. However, the anatomic disruption caused by ALND may result in lymphedema, nerve injury, and shoulder dysfunction, which compromise functionality and quality of life. For patients who have clinically negative axillary lymph nodes, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy offers a less morbid method to determine if there are positive nodes, in which case axillary node dissection would be necessary. Patients who are SLN-positive should undergo complete ALND. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a recent improvement of ALND which, like the biopsy of the GS, would reduce morbidity

Pleth variability index and fluid management practices : a multicenter service evaluation

Funding Information: NonePeer reviewedPublisher PD

Monitorial citizens or civic omnivores? Repertoires of civic participation among university students

In present-day societies, the extent to which young people still participate in civic life is an important matter of concern. The claim of a generational "decline" in civic engagement has been contested, and interchanged with the notion of a "replacement" of traditional engagement by new types of participation, and the emergence of the "monitorial citizen" who participates in more individualized ways. Concurrently, this study explored the assumption of a "pluralization" of involvement, advancing a new concept: the "civic omnivore," characterized by an expanded civic repertoire. Drawing data from a sample of 1,493 Belgian and Dutch university students, we identify five repertoires of participation such as, disengaged students, classical volunteers, humanitarian citizens, monitorial citizens, and civic omnivores. Our findings support the pluralization thesis, by showing that young citizens are not exclusively engaged in new monitorial ways, yet also expand their civic repertoire by combining traditional and new forms in more complex ways

Radiotherapy modification based on artificial intelligence and radiomics applied to (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

peer reviewedOver the last decades, the refinement of radiation therapy techniques has been associated with an increasing interest for individualized radiation therapy with the aim of increasing or maintaining tumor control and reducing radiation toxicity. Developments in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and deep learning, in imaging sciences, including nuclear medecine, have led to significant enthusiasm for the concept of "rapid learning health system". AI combined with radiomics applied to (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT) offers a unique opportunity for the development of predictive models that can help stratify each patient's risk and guide treatment decisions for optimal outcomes and quality of life of patients treated with radiation therapy. Here we present an overview of the current contribution of AI and radiomics-based machine learning models applied to (18F)-FDG PET/CT in the management of cancer treated by radiation therapy

Role of Imaging in the Staging and Response Assessment of Lymphoma:Consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group

This article comprises the consensus reached to update guidance on the use of PET-CT for staging and response assessment for 18F FDG-avid lymphomas in clinical practice and late-phase trials

Volunteering in a hybrid institutional and organizational environment: an emerging research agenda

Traditionally, volunteers are core participants in classic voluntary associations; however, the organizational context of volunteering has changed significantly in recent decades through the proliferation of new and hybrid settings of participation that mingle roles and rationalities of civil society, state and market. In this chapter, I examine the consequences of this organizational change for the nature and functions of volunteering by means of a literature review

A cross-national examination of motivation to volunteer: religious context, national value patterns, and nonprofit regimes

Although motivation to volunteer (MTV) is one of the most frequently researched topics in the field of volunteering research, few studies have compared and explained MTV cross-nationally. Using data from the 1990 World Values Surveys, this study examines if and how specific societal characteristics are asso-ciated with self-reported motivations to volunteer, focusing on national religious context, dominant value patterns, and institutional variations in terms of welfare state regimes and characteristics of the nonprofit sector. Across all countries stud-ied, people who volunteered expressed both altruistic and self-oriented motiva-tions, but we observed important cross-national variations in the emphasis put on both motivational dimensions. Besides the influence of individual-level character-istics, we found partial evidence for a contextual understanding of motivation to volunteer. With respect to religion, we expected a beneficial relationship with al-truistic motivations. While such a positive relationship was found at the individual level, the evidence for a religious national context was ambiguous: on the one hand, no relationship was found between extensive religious networks and support for altruistic motivations; on the other, strong religious beliefs among the general population were negatively associated with both altruistic and self-interested MTV. The prevalence of a post-material value pattern did not represent a threat to feelings of altruism, and produced mixed findings concerning self-interested MTV. Finally, welfare states with lower social spending, a large nonprofit sector with little revenue from government, and an active citizenry, in terms of a high rate of volunteering, stimulated the expression of altruistic motivations

Attracting volunteers in highly multicultural societies: a marketing challenge

Volunteer managers face a typical marketing problem: how to identify the right consumers (in this case, volunteers), attract them, and keep them loyal. In multicultural societies this challenge is amplified because of the different groups originating from countries that can vary significantly in terms of the extent of volunteering and reasons for being involved. The consequence of this heterogeneity is limited success of generic marketing campaigns. Using the theory of planned behavior, we investigate differences between Australian residents from different cultural backgrounds in their volunteering behavior. Groups differed in attitude, social norm, and perceived behavioral control, suggesting the need for customized marketing strategies. Theoretically, results provide evidence that volunteers in multicultural societies cannot be viewed as one homogeneous mass. Practically, results offer insight into the factors influencing the behavior of each cultural group, and can inform customized campaigns to tap into the large base of volunteers from different backgrounds