Forsvarets rekvisisjonssystem. Hva kan det nye digitale rekvisisjonssystemet bidra til Sjøforsvaret og hvilke utfordringer vil dette gi for maritime operasjoner i Norge?

Problemstillingen blir besvart ved å innledningsvis drøfte Sjøforsvarets operative behov opp mot nødvendigheten av sivilstøtte. Videre drøftes mulighetene ved å anvende Forsvarets rekvisisjonssystem til å dekke de operative behovene. Deretter ses det på utfordringene knyttet til å benytte sivilstøtte for å understøtte Sjøforsvaret sine operative behov. Basert på oppgavens drøftelse konkluderes det med at Sjøforsvaret enda har behov for sivil understøttelse til maritime operasjoner, både i fredstid, og på krigsfot. I fredstid er dette mulig å dekke gjennom ramme- og strategiske avtaler med sivile partnere. Der burde det tilstrebes å benytte aktører som er registrert i den Nasjonal Ressursdatabasen og for håndsrekvirert. Da får Sjøforsvaret under operasjoner i fredstid, trent og øvd på å benytte og samvirke med sivile systemer, som det planlegges å benytte ved rekvisisjons i krig. Likevel forekommer det flere utfordringer ved å benytte sivil understøttelse og den for håndsrekvirerte struktur. Deriblant nasjonaliteten og lojaliteten til det sivile personellet i krig

Lack of influence of the COX inhibitors metamizol and diclofenac on platelet GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin expression in vitro

BACKGROUND: The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reduced platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2 )synthesis has been well documented. However, the influence on platelet function is not fully explained. Aim of this study was to examine the influence of the COX-1 inhibiting NSAIDs, diclofenac and metamizol on platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet complexes, in vitro. Surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin on platelets, and the percentage of platelet-leukocyte complexes were investigated. METHODS: Whole blood was incubated with three different concentrations of diclofenac and metamizol for 5 and 30 minutes, followed by activation with TRAP-6 and ADP. Rates of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin expression, and the percentage of platelet-leukocyte complexes were analyzed by a flow-cytometric assay. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the expression of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin, and in the formation of platelet-leukocyte complexes after activation with ADP and TRAP-6, regarding both the time of incubation and the concentrations of diclofenac and metamizol. CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, the inhibitory effect of diclofenac and metamizol on platelet aggregation is not related to a reduced surface expression of P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa on platelets

In thrombin stimulated human platelets Citalopram, Promethazine, Risperidone, and Ziprasidone, but not Diazepam, may exert their pharmacological effects also through intercalation in membrane phospholipids in a receptor-independent manner

Intercalation of drugs in the platelet membrane affects phospholipid-requiring enzymatic processes according to the drugs’ intercalation capability. We investigated effects of Promethazine, Citalopram, Ziprasidone, Risperidone, and Diazepam on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and polyphosphoinositide (PPI) metabolism in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. We also examined effects of the drugs on monolayers of glycerophospholipids using the Langmuir technique. Diazepam did not influence PLA2 activity, had no effects on PPI cycle, and caused no change in mean molecular area of phospholipid monolayers. The remaining psychotropic drugs affected these parameters in different ways and levels of potency suggesting that they act by being intercalated between the molecules of adjacent membrane phospholipids, thus causing changes in substrate availability for phospholipid-hydrolyzing enzymes (PLA2 and Phospholipase C). We show that several psychotropic drugs can also have other cellular effects than receptor antagonism. These effects may be implicated in the psychotropic effects of the drugs and/or their side effects

Receptor Activation and Inositol Lipid Hydrolysis in Neural Tissues

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66228/1/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05618.x.pd