Judgments of learning index relative confidence, not subjective probability

The underconfidence-with-practice (UWP) effect is a common finding in calibration studies concerned with judgments of learning (JOLs) elicited on a percentage scale. The UWP pattern is present when, in a procedure consisting of multiple study-test cycles, mean scale JOLs underestimate mean recall performance on cycle 2 and beyond. Although this pattern is present both for items recalled and unrecalled on the preceding cycle, to date research has concentrated mostly on the sources of UWP for the latter type of items. The present study aimed at bridging this gap. In three experiments, we examined calibration on the third of three cycles. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated the typical pattern of higher recall and scale JOLs for previously recalled items compared to unrecalled ones. More important, they also revealed that even though the UWP effect was found for both items previously recalled once and twice, its magnitude was greater for the former class of items. Experiments 2 and 3, which employed a binary betting task and a binary 0/100% JOL task, respectively, demonstrated that people can accurately predict future recall for previously recalled items with binary decisions. In both experiments, the UWP effect was absent both for items recalled once and twice. We suggest that the sensitivity of scale JOLs, but not binary judgments, to the number of previous recall successes strengthens the claim of Hanczakowski, Zawadzka, Pasek, and Higham (2013) that scale JOLs reflect confidence in, rather than the subjective probability of, future recall

Porownanie skladu chemicznego oraz wartosci biologicznej nasion trzech form ledzwianu siewnego zroznicowanych pod wzgledem masy tysiaca nasion

W badaniach porównano skład chemiczny, aminokwasowy oraz wartość biologiczną (BV) i strawność rzeczywistą (TD) białka nasion trzech form lędźwianu siewnego o zróżnicowanej masie 1000 nasion. Najlepszy skład chemiczny nasion posiadała drobnonasienna populacja C-28, która charakteryzowała się najwyższym poziomem białka, przy równoczesnej niskiej zawartości włókna. Polskie formy lędźwianów C-28 i E-2 miały wyższe chemiczne wskaźniki jakości białka (CS i EAAI) i zawierały prawie dwukrotnie więcej lizyny w porównaniu z populacją słowacką H-4. Pomimo różnic w składzie aminokwasowym białka porównywane formy lędźwianów miały podobną wartość biologiczną, strawność rzeczywistą oraz współczynnik wykorzystania białka.Chemical composition, amino-acid protein composition, biological value (BV), and true digestibility (TD) of three chickling vetch forms, differing in the weight of 1000 seeds were compared. Small seeded C-28 form was found to have the highest protein and low fiber contents in seeds. The Polish forms of chickling vetch i.e. C-28 and E-2, at higher protein quality as indicated by Chemical Score (CS) and Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI), contained twice as much Lys as the Slovak H-4 form. In spite of the differences in amino-acids composition of protein, the chickling vetch forms showed similar values of BV, TD and net protein utilization (NPU)

Б1.Б.16.4 Устойчивое развитие 2015 очная

When participants are asked to provide confidence judgments for each provided alternative in a multiple-choice memory task, such judgments are inflated if assessed alternatives are accompanied by an implausible (dud) alternative. This finding, termed the dud-alternative effect, has been recently documented in a memory setting with a line-up procedure (Charman, Wells, & Joy, 2011). In the present study we develop a novel paradigm to investigate the dud-alternative effect in memory. The paradigm utilizes a multiple-choice associative recognition task in which dud alternatives can be rejected on the basis of their unfamiliarity. In two experiments we demonstrate a reliable dud-alternative effect with our novel procedure. The results demonstrate that the dud-alternative effect in episodic memory is not limited to tasks based on perceptual factors but is a general phenomenon concerning confidence judgments