1,956 research outputs found
Streptococcus pneumoniae as an UncommonCause of Superinfected Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Abstract.: We report a patient with pancreatic pseudocysts that were superinfected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The literature on the prevalence of superinfection of pancreatic tissue by S. pneumoniae, as well as on its prophylaxis and treatment, is reviewed. In addition, a possible pathophysiologic pathway is discusse
Chiral Symmetry of Nucleon Resonances in QCD sum rules
The QCD sum rule approach is employed in order to study chiral properties of
positive- and negative-parity nucleon resonances. It is pointed out that
nucleons with an ``exotic'' chiral property, which can be represented by local
five-quark operators, can be paired with a standard nucleon forming a single
chiral multiplet. The sum rules of the five-quark operators, however, are shown
not to couple strongly to chirally-``exotic'' nucleon resonances at the mass
region of less than 2 GeV.Comment: 11 page
eIF4E3 forms an active eIF4F complex during stresses (eIF4FS) targeting mTOR and re-programs the translatome.
The eIF4E are a family of initiation factors that bind the mRNA 5' cap, regulating the proteome and the cellular phenotype. eIF4E1 mediates global translation and its activity is controlled via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR down-regulation results in eIF4E1 sequestration into an inactive complex with the 4E binding proteins (4EBPs). The second member, eIF4E2, regulates the translatome during hypoxia. However, the exact function of the third member, eIF4E3, has remained elusive. We have dissected its function using a range of techniques. Starting from the observation that it does not interact with 4EBP1, we demonstrate that eIF4E3 recruitment into an eIF4F complex occurs when Torin1 inhibits the mTOR pathway. Ribo-seq studies demonstrate that this complex (eIF4FS) is translationally active during stress and that it selects specific mRNA populations based on 5' TL (UTR) length. The interactome reveals that it associates with cellular proteins beyond the cognate initiation factors, suggesting that it may have 'moon-lighting' functions. Finally, we provide evidence that cellular metabolism is altered in an eIF4E3 KO background but only upon Torin1 treatment. We propose that eIF4E3 acts as a second branch of the integrated stress response, re-programming the translatome to promote 'stress resistance' and adaptation
AI Chat Assistants can Improve Conversations about Divisive Topics
A rapidly increasing amount of human conversation occurs online. But
divisiveness and conflict can fester in text-based interactions on social media
platforms, in messaging apps, and on other digital forums. Such toxicity
increases polarization and, importantly, corrodes the capacity of diverse
societies to develop efficient solutions to complex social problems that impact
everyone. Scholars and civil society groups promote interventions that can make
interpersonal conversations less divisive or more productive in offline
settings, but scaling these efforts to the amount of discourse that occurs
online is extremely challenging. We present results of a large-scale experiment
that demonstrates how online conversations about divisive topics can be
improved with artificial intelligence tools. Specifically, we employ a large
language model to make real-time, evidence-based recommendations intended to
improve participants' perception of feeling understood in conversations. We
find that these interventions improve the reported quality of the conversation,
reduce political divisiveness, and improve the tone, without systematically
changing the content of the conversation or moving people's policy attitudes.
These findings have important implications for future research on social media,
political deliberation, and the growing community of scholars interested in the
place of artificial intelligence within computational social science
- …