Cobb-Douglas Production Function For Measuring Efficiency in Indian Agriculture: A Region-wise Analysis

The paper examines the production efficiency of agricultural system in four regions of India categorized as eastern, western, northern and southern regions using state level data for the period 2005-06 to 2013-14. Stochastic production frontier model using panel data, as proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995), has been used for estimating the efficiency variations taking an integrated effect model into consideration. State level mean efficiency estimates of regions ranges from 0.8824 to 0.3759 for 2005-06 to 2013-14. The statistically significant variables explaining inefficiencies in the agricultural production are total state road length per unit of area and share of agricultural NSDP to state NSDP. The major inputs were institutional credit, net irrigated area and consumption of both fertilizers and pesticide

Boundary Quantum Field Theories with Infinite Resonance States

We extend a recent work by Mussardo and Penati on integrable quantum field theories with a single stable particle and an infinite number of unstable resonance states, including the presence of a boundary. The corresponding scattering and reflection amplitudes are expressed in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, and generalize the ones of the massive thermal Ising model and of the Sinh-Gordon model. In the case of the generalized Ising model we explicitly study the ground state energy and the one-point function of the thermal operator in the short-distance limit, finding an oscillating behaviour related to the fact that the infinite series of boundary resonances does not decouple from the theory even at very short-distance scales. The analysis of the generalized Sinh-Gordon model with boundary reveals an interesting constraint on the analytic structure of the reflection amplitude. The roaming limit procedure which leads to the Ising model, in fact, can be consistently performed only if we admit that the nature of the bulk spectrum uniquely fixes the one of resonance states on the boundary.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, LATEX fil

Boundary states for a free boson defined on finite geometries

Langlands recently constructed a map that factorizes the partition function of a free boson on a cylinder with boundary condition given by two arbitrary functions in the form of a scalar product of boundary states. We rewrite these boundary states in a compact form, getting rid of technical assumptions necessary in his construction. This simpler form allows us to show explicitly that the map between boundary conditions and states commutes with conformal transformations preserving the boundary and the reality condition on the scalar field.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX (uses AMS components). Revised version; an analogy with string theory computations is discussed and references adde

Form-factors computation of Friedel oscillations in Luttinger liquids

We show how to analytically determine for $g\leq 1/2$ the "Friedel oscillations" of charge density by a single impurity in a 1D Luttinger liquid of spinless electrons.Comment: Revtex, epsf, 4pgs, 2fig

Boundary flows in minimal models

We discuss in this paper the behaviour of minimal models of conformal theory perturbed by the operator $\Phi_{13}$ at the boundary. Using the RSOS restriction of the sine-Gordon model, adapted to the boundary problem, a series of boundary flows between different set of conformally invariant boundary conditions are described. Generalizing the "staircase" phenomenon discovered by Al. Zamolodchikov, we find that an analytic continuation of the boundary sinh-Gordon model provides a flow interpolation not only between all minimal models in the bulk, but also between their possible conformal boundary conditions. In the particular case where the bulk sinh-Gordon coupling is turned to zero, we obtain a boundary roaming trajectory in the $c=1$ theory that interpolates between all the possible spin $S$ Kondo models.Comment: 13pgs, harvmac, 2 fig

Mass Hierarchy Determination Using Neutrinos from Multiple Reactors

We report the results of Monte Carlo simulations of a medium baseline reactor neutrino experiment. The difference in baselines resulting from the 1 km separations of Daya Bay and Ling Ao reactors reduces the amplitudes of 1-3 oscillations at low energies, decreasing the sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy. A perpendicular detector location eliminates this effect. We simulate experiments under several mountains perpendicular to the Daya Bay/Ling Ao reactors, considering in particular the background from the TaiShan and YangJiang reactor complexes. In general the hierarchy can be determined most reliably underneath the 1000 meter mountain BaiYunZhang, which is 44.5 km from Daya Bay. If some planned reactors are not built then nearby 700 meter mountains at 47-51 km baselines gain a small advantage. Neglecting their low overhead burdens, hills near DongKeng would be the optimal locations. We use a weighted Fourier transform to avoid a spurious dependence on the high energy neutrino spectrum and find that a neural network can extract quantities which determine the hierarchy marginally better than the traditional RL + PV.Comment: 22 pages, added details on the neural network (journal version

String Theory near a Conifold Singularity

We demonstrate that type II string theory compactified on a singular Calabi-Yau manifold is related to $c=1$ string theory compactified at the self-dual radius. We establish this result in two ways. First we show that complex structure deformations of the conifold correspond, on the mirror manifold, to the problem of maps from two dimensional surfaces to $S^2$. Using two dimensional QCD we show that this problem is identical to $c=1$ string theory. We then give an alternative derivation of this correspondence by mapping the theory of complex structure deformations of the conifold to Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. These results, in conjunction with similar results obtained for the compactification of the heterotic string on $K_3\times T^2$, provide strong evidence in favour of S-duality between type II strings compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold and the heterotic string on $K_3\times T^2$.Comment: 10 pages, harvmac. Some changes to manuscript and a reference adde

Exact solutions for models of evolving networks with addition and deletion of nodes

There has been considerable recent interest in the properties of networks, such as citation networks and the worldwide web, that grow by the addition of vertices, and a number of simple solvable models of network growth have been studied. In the real world, however, many networks, including the web, not only add vertices but also lose them. Here we formulate models of the time evolution of such networks and give exact solutions for a number of cases of particular interest. For the case of net growth and so-called preferential attachment -- in which newly appearing vertices attach to previously existing ones in proportion to vertex degree -- we show that the resulting networks have power-law degree distributions, but with an exponent that diverges as the growth rate vanishes. We conjecture that the low exponent values observed in real-world networks are thus the result of vigorous growth in which the rate of addition of vertices far exceeds the rate of removal. Were growth to slow in the future, for instance in a more mature future version of the web, we would expect to see exponents increase, potentially without bound.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Edge Critical Behaviour of the 2-Dimensional Tri-critical Ising Model

Using previous results from boundary conformal field theory and integrability, a phase diagram is derived for the 2 dimensional Ising model at its bulk tri-critical point as a function of boundary magnetic field and boundary spin-coupling constant. A boundary tri-critical point separates phases where the spins on the boundary are ordered or disordered. In the latter range of coupling constant, there is a non-zero critical field where the magnetization is singular. In the former range, as the temperature is lowered, the boundary undergoes a first order transition while the bulk simultaneously undergoes a second order transition.Comment: 6 pages, RevTex, 3 postscript figure