638 research outputs found
Relativistic state reduction dynamics
A mechanism describing state reduction dynamics in relativistic quantum field
theory is outlined. The mechanism involves nonlinear stochastic modifications
to the standard description of unitary state evolution and the introduction of
a relativistic field in which a quantized degree of freedom is associated to
each point in spacetime. The purpose of this field is to mediate in the
interaction between classical stochastic influences and conventional quantum
fields. The equations of motion are Lorentz covariant, frame independent, and
do not result in divergent behavior. It is shown that the mathematical
framework permits the specification of unambiguous local properties providing a
connection between the model and evidence of real world phenomena. The collapse
process is demonstrated for an idealized example.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, replacement with minor correction
Identical particles and entanglement
We review two general criteria for deciding whether a pure bipartite quantum
state describing a system of two identical particles is entangled or not. The
first one considers the possibility of attributing a complete set of objective
properties to each particle belonging to the composed system, while the second
is based both on the consideration of the Slater-Schmidt number of the
fermionic and bosonic analog of the Schmidt decomposition and on the evaluation
of the von Neumann entropy of the one-particle reduced statistical operators.Comment: 8 pages; Latex; Talk delivered at the International Conference on
Quantum Optics 2004, Minsk, Belaru
Does quantum nonlocality irremediably conflict with Special Relativity?
We reconsider the problem of the compatibility of quantum nonlocality and the
requests for a relativistically invariant theoretical scheme. We begin by
discussing a recent important paper by T. Norsen [arXiv:0808.2178] on this
problem and we enlarge our considerations to give a general picture of the
conceptually relevant issue to which this paper is devoted.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur
Dynamical Reduction Models with General Gaussian Noises
We consider the effect of replacing in stochastic differential equations
leading to the dynamical collapse of the statevector, white noise stochastic
processes with non white ones. We prove that such a modification can be
consistently performed without altering the most interesting features of the
previous models. One of the reasons to discuss this matter derives from the
desire of being allowed to deal with physical stochastic fields, such as the
gravitational one, which cannot give rise to white noises. From our point of
view the most relevant motivation for the approach we propose here derives from
the fact that in relativistic models the occurrence of white noises is the main
responsible for the appearance of untractable divergences. Therefore, one can
hope that resorting to non white noises one can overcome such a difficulty. We
investigate stochastic equations with non white noises, we discuss their
reduction properties and their physical implications. Our analysis has a
precise interest not only for the above mentioned subject but also for the
general study of dissipative systems and decoherence.Comment: 22 pages, Late
Cosmogenesis and Collapse
Some possible benefits of dynamical collapse for a quantum theory of
cosmogenesis are discussed. These are a possible long wait before creation
begins, creation of energy and space, and choice of a particular universe out
of a superposition.Comment: For a festschrift in Foundations of Physics in honor of Daniel
Greenberger and Helmut Rauch in Foundations of Physics. This updates the
previous version by adding an appendix (Appendix B) which contains the exact
solution of a partial differential equation of importance in the pape
On Spontaneous Wave Function Collapse and Quantum Field Theory
One way of obtaining a version of quantum mechanics without observers, and
thus of solving the paradoxes of quantum mechanics, is to modify the
Schroedinger evolution by implementing spontaneous collapses of the wave
function. An explicit model of this kind was proposed in 1986 by Ghirardi,
Rimini, and Weber (GRW), involving a nonlinear, stochastic evolution of the
wave function. We point out how, by focussing on the essential mathematical
structure of the GRW model and a clear ontology, it can be generalized to
(regularized) quantum field theories in a simple and natural way.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX, no figures; v2 minor improvement
The Conway-Kochen argument and relativistic GRW models
In a recent paper, Conway and Kochen proposed what is now known as the "Free
Will theorem" which, among other things, should prove the impossibility of
combining GRW models with special relativity, i.e., of formulating
relativistically invariant models of spontaneous wavefunction collapse. Since
their argument basically amounts to a non-locality proof for any theory aiming
at reproducing quantum correlations, and since it was clear since very a long
time that any relativistic collapse model must be non-local in some way, we
discuss why the theorem of Conway and Kochen does not affect the program of
formulating relativistic GRW models.Comment: 16 pages, RevTe
Numerical analysis of a spontaneous collapse model for a two-level system
We study a spontaneous collapse model for a two-level (spin) system, in which
the Hamiltonian and the stochastic terms do not commute. The numerical solution
of the equations of motions allows to give precise estimates on the regime at
which the collapse of the state vector occurs, the reduction and delocalization
times, and the reduction probabilities; it also allows to quantify the effect
that an Hamiltonian which does not commute with the reducing terms has on the
collapse mechanism. We also give a clear picture of the transition from the
"microscopic" regime (when the noise terms are weak and the Hamiltonian
prevents the state vector to collapse) to the "macroscopic" regime (when the
noise terms are dominant and the collapse becomes effective for very long
times). Finally, we clarify the distinction between decoherence and collapse.Comment: 7 pages, RevTeX. Significative improvements made. To appear on Phys.
Rev.
Collapse Models
This is a review of formalisms and models (nonrelativistic and relativistic)
which modify Schrodinger's equation so that it describes wavefunction collapse
as a dynamical physical process.Comment: 40 pages, to be published in "Open Systems and Measurement in
Relativistic Quantum Theory," F. Petruccione and H. P. Breuer eds. (Springer
Verlag, 1999
Impact of the fat dormouse (Glis glis Linnaeus 1766) on hazel orchards in the area of Alta Langa and Belbo, Bormida, Uzzone Valleys (province of Cuneo, Italy): a preliminary assessment of agricultural damage
Ghirardi, M., Tizzani, P., Dematteis, A
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