4,568 research outputs found
Chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer: clinical overview and management of long-term side effects
Introduction: Neo/adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer has become increasingly common in the last few decades; as a consequence, the number of breast cancer survivors experiencing often debilitating long-term side effects has increased, and thus the need for a comprehensive approach to the variety of symptoms involved. Areas covered and methods: We performed a literature search on the main public scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CrossRef) from 2000 to April 2022 to identify prevention and management strategies for the most common long-term side effects, including fatigue, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, estrogen deprivation, cardiotoxicity, and second cancers. Expert opinion: Long-term toxicities may affect a majority of breast cancer survivors, significantly interfering with their quality of life. Although there are guidelines for the management of isolated side effects, such as peripheral neuropathy, we aim to provide a more inclusive clinical-oriented approach, focusing on both prevention and therapeutic strategies
Hadron attenuation in deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of hadron attenuation in deep
inelastic scattering (DIS) off complex nuclei in the kinematic regime of the
HERMES experiment. The analysis is carried out in the framework of a
probabilistic coupled-channel transport model based on the
Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) equation, which allows for a treatment of the
final-state interactions (FSI) beyond simple absorption mechanisms.
Furthermore, our event-by-event simulations account for the kinematic cuts of
the experiments as well as the geometrical acceptance of the detectors. We
calculate the multiplicity ratios of charged hadrons for various nuclear
targets relative to deuterium as a function of the photon energy nu, the hadron
energy fraction z_h=E_h/nu and the transverse momentum p_T. We also confront
our model results on double-hadron attenuation with recent experimental data.
Separately, we compare the attenuation of identified hadrons (pi^\pm, \pi^0,
K^\pm, p and pbar) on Ne and Kr targets with the data from the HERMES
Collaboration and make predictions for a Xe target. At the end we turn towards
hadron attenuation on Cu nuclei at EMC energies. Our studies demonstrate that
(pre-)hadronic final-state interactions play a dominant role in the kinematic
regime of the HERMES experiment while our present approach overestimates the
attenuation at EMC energies.Comment: 61 pages, 19 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Enabling Technologies for Silicon Microstrip Tracking Detectors at the HL-LHC
While the tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments have shown
excellent performance in Run 1 of LHC data taking, and are expected to continue
to do so during LHC operation at design luminosity, both experiments will have
to exchange their tracking systems when the LHC is upgraded to the
high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) around the year 2024. The new tracking systems
need to operate in an environment in which both the hit densities and the
radiation damage will be about an order of magnitude higher than today. In
addition, the new trackers need to contribute to the first level trigger in
order to maintain a high data-taking efficiency for the interesting processes.
Novel detector technologies have to be developed to meet these very challenging
goals. The German groups active in the upgrades of the ATLAS and CMS tracking
systems have formed a collaborative "Project on Enabling Technologies for
Silicon Microstrip Tracking Detectors at the HL-LHC" (PETTL), which was
supported by the Helmholtz Alliance "Physics at the Terascale" during the years
2013 and 2014. The aim of the project was to share experience and to work
together on key areas of mutual interest during the R&D phase of these
upgrades. The project concentrated on five areas, namely exchange of
experience, radiation hardness of silicon sensors, low mass system design,
automated precision assembly procedures, and irradiations. This report
summarizes the main achievements
Flavor decomposition of the sea quark helicity distributions in the nucleon from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
Double-spin asymmetries of semi-inclusive cross sections for the production
of identified pions and kaons have been measured in deep-inelastic scattering
of polarized positrons on a polarized deuterium target. Five helicity
distributions including those for three sea quark flavors were extracted from
these data together with re-analyzed previous data for identified pions from a
hydrogen target. These distributions are consistent with zero for all three sea
flavors. A recently predicted flavor asymmetry in the polarization of the light
quark sea appears to be disfavored by the data.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Nuclear Polarization of Molecular Hydrogen Recombined on a Non-metallic Surface
The nuclear polarization of molecules formed by recombination
of nuclear polarized H atoms on the surface of a storage cell initially coated
with a silicon-based polymer has been measured by using the longitudinal
double-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic positron-proton scattering. The
molecules are found to have a substantial nuclear polarization, which is
evidence that initially polarized atoms retain their nuclear polarization when
absorbed on this type of surfac
First Measurement of the Tensor Structure Function of the Deuteron
The \Hermes experiment has investigated the tensor spin structure of the
deuteron using the 27.6 GeV/c positron beam of \Hera. The use of a tensor
polarized deuteron gas target with only a negligible residual vector
polarization enabled the first measurement of the tensor asymmetry \At and
the tensor structure function \bd for average values of the Bj{\o}rken
variable and of the squared four-momentum transfer . The quantities \At and \bd are found to be
non-zero. The rise of \bd for decreasing values of can be interpreted to
originate from the same mechanism that leads to nuclear shadowing in
unpolarized scattering
Evidence for Quark-Hadron Duality in the Proton Spin Asymmetry
Spin-dependent lepton-nucleon scattering data have been used to investigate
the validity of the concept of quark-hadron duality for the spin asymmetry
. Longitudinally polarised positrons were scattered off a longitudinally
polarised hydrogen target for values of between 1.2 and 12 GeV and
values of between 1 and 4 GeV. The average double-spin asymmetry in
the nucleon resonance region is found to agree with that measured in
deep-inelastic scattering at the same values of the Bjorken scaling variable
. This finding implies that the description of in terms of quark
degrees of freedom is valid also in the nucleon resonance region for values of
above 1.6 GeV.Comment: 5 pages, 1 eps figure, table added, new references added, in print in
Phys. Rev. Let
Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider
The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and
testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear
collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for
institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The
infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation
infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.Comment: 54 pages, 48 picture
Performance of the first prototype of the CALICE scintillator strip electromagnetic calorimeter
A first prototype of a scintillator strip-based electromagnetic calorimeter
was built, consisting of 26 layers of tungsten absorber plates interleaved with
planes of 45x10x3 mm3 plastic scintillator strips. Data were collected using a
positron test beam at DESY with momenta between 1 and 6 GeV/c. The prototype's
performance is presented in terms of the linearity and resolution of the energy
measurement. These results represent an important milestone in the development
of highly granular calorimeters using scintillator strip technology. This
technology is being developed for a future linear collider experiment, aiming
at the precise measurement of jet energies using particle flow techniques
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