Plasma calcining of pigment particles for thermal control coatings

Method utilizes an RF excited plasma to surface deactivate thermally stable powders at high temperatures. Utilization of this plasma heat treatment at high temperatures can be carried out without grain growth, calcination, or agglomeration

Privatization of irrigation schemes in New Zealand

PrivatizationIrrigation programsWater rightsGovernment managed irrigation systemsLocal governmentLegislationPerformance

Induction plasma calcining of pigment particles for thermal control coatings

Induction plasma calcining of pigment particles for thermal control coatings on space vehicle

Calibration of pressure-dependent sensitivity and discrimination in Nier-type noble gas ion sources

The efficiency of many noble gas mass spectrometers to ionize gas species is known to be a function of the pressure of gas in the spectrometer. This work shows how the half plate voltage for maximum He or Ar signal depends on the spectrometer pressure and shows that the half plate voltage for maximum 4He sensitivity does not coincide with the half plate voltage for maximum 3He sensitivity. In addition, half plate voltage has a greater control on sensitivity at higher spectrometer pressures. Variations in He and Ar sensitivity and isotopic discrimination as a function of pressure are due, at least in part, to these variations in the position of maximum sensitivity with respect to half plate voltage. The maximum sensitivity settings shift to lower half plate voltage at high spectrometer pressures, irrespective of if the pressure increase is due to the gas being investigated or a different species. Therefore noble gas mass spectrometers should always be tuned at the maximum possible pressure; measurements at higher pressures should be avoided. Significant errors in the spectrometer sensitivity and discrimination can result from improper tuning and calibration of noble gas mass spectrometers

Ionospheric E-region Irregularities Produced by Non-linear Coupling of Unstable Plasma Waves

Ionospheric E region irregularities produced by nonlinear coupling of unstable plasma wave