Entanglement Entropy of the Low-Lying Excited States and Critical Properties of an Exactly Solvable Two-Leg Spin Ladder with Three-Spin Interactions

In this work, we investigate an exactly solvable two-leg spin ladder with three-spin interactions. We obtain analytically the finite-size corrections of the low-lying energies and determine the central charge as well as the scaling dimensions. The model considered in this work has the same universality class of critical behavior of the XX chain with central charge c=1. By using the correlation matrix method, we also study the finite-size corrections of the Renyi entropy of the ground state and of the excited states. Our results are in agreement with the predictions of the conformal field theory.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Towards effective city rejuvenation with ICT: Web-based shape grammar supported refurbishment design

In this paper we consider the architectural task of the rejuvenation of cities consisting of the large scale renovation of regular apartment buildings. It is argued that ICT, and specifically shape grammar systems, provide the means to take up this task by refurbishing the apartments in these buildings in an individualized way, thus avoiding large scale demolishment in cities. We give this argument for the specific case of Rabo-de-bacalhau apartment buildings in the city of Lisbon by sketching a shape grammar system for the refurbishment of these apartments that can be made available as a web tool directly to the apartment inhabitants.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Over-the-counter housing design: the city when the gap between architects and laypersons narrows

The aim of this paper is to focus on the impact that new automatic architecture design systems may have on the buildings’ refurbishment dynamic in the city. We argue that this impact consists of increases in the architectural quality of housing and in the social and ecological sustainable renewal of cities. European cities are faced with stocks of housing from the past centuries that do not respond to contemporary ways of living. For the required modernisation of these stocks three general options are available: inhabitants making small improvements to their housing, large-scale centralised refurbishment, and new construction after demolishment. These options all have their disadvantages. Improvements by owners may lack architectural quality, say it may undermine structural integrity of buildings when whole walls are demolished. Centralised modernisation imposes a homogeneity on the refurbished buildings that may disrupt the social fabric in neighbourhoods by chasing away the original inhabitants. Modernisation by demolishing is increasingly recognised in architecture as ecological unsustainable by its use of energy and other resources.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The atomic orbitals of the topological atom

The effective atomic orbitals have been realized in the framework of Bader’s atoms in molecules theory for a general wavefunction. This formalism can be used to retrieve from any type of calculation a proper set of orthonormalized numerical atomic orbitals, with occupation numbers that sum up to the respective Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) atomic populations. Experience shows that only a limited number of effective atomic orbitals exhibit significant occupation numbers. These correspond to atomic hybrids that closely resemble the core and valence shells of the atom. The occupation numbers of the remaining effective orbitals are almost negligible, except for atoms with hypervalent character. In addition, the molecular orbitals of a calculation can be exactly expressed as a linear combination of this orthonormalized set of numerical atomic orbitals, and the Mulliken population analysis carried out on this basis set exactly reproduces the original QTAIM atomic populations of the atoms. Approximate expansion of the molecular orbitals over a much reduced set of orthogonal atomic basis functions can also be accomplished to a very good accuracy with a singular value decomposition procedure

Inferring a shape grammar: translating designer's knowledge

This article focuses on a shape grammar that was developed to enable the adaptation of existing houses – “rabo-de-bacalhau” housing style - to new requirements and most particular on the process of inference of the grammar. Along the article we describe the process undertaken to develop the grammar and what the achievements of the transformation grammar are regarding the possibilities of a mass customization of dwelling’s rehabilitation work. The goal of this article is to describe and discuss how the designer’s knowledge was encoded into shape rules. The process used to extract the architect’s knowledge and to incorporate it into the transformation grammar enable to abstract the designer’s actions and to define a sequence of actions that can define a possible strategy of design. The proposed design methodology generates dwelling layouts that are legal since they follow the grammar language and adequate since they meet the a priori user and design requirements.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Transformation grammar for housing rehabilitation: from a specific to a general grammar

WOS:000330322400048This article focuses on the use of both shape grammar and space syntax as tools to identify and encode the principles and rules behind the adaptation of existing houses to new requirements. The idea is to use such rules as part of a transformation grammar-based methodology for the rehabilitation of existing dwellings. The developed grammar is a specific grammar to inform the rehabilitation of a particular type of building in Portugal – “rabo-de-bacalhau”. In this article the goal is to explore how the “rabo-the-bacalhau” transformation grammar can be transformed in a general rehabilitation grammar in order to inform the rehabilitation of various types of housing buildings.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Will drones have a role in building construction?

This paper aims to explore the possibilities that robotic technologies, namely robotic arms and drones, bring to architecture and to the construction sector. The developed research was based in an extensive literature review, in the conceptualization of three experiments to be done with drones and in interviews with Fabio Gramazio, Tobias Bonwetsch (ETH Zurich) and José Pedro Sousa (FAUP). The paper starts by presenting a brief story of the introduction of robotic technologies in other industries and identifies the robotic technologies that are presently use, mainly in research, to assemble construction elements – drones and robotic arms. We then analyze the few case studies of construction performed with drones and robotic arms. Three experiments are idealized next in order to clarify the main difficulties of each action of construction performed by a robot. The advances in robotic construction are visible and growing every year. According to the experts robotic construction will be introduced in the construction industry in a hybrid way, where man and machine collaborate and not as total substitution of human labor.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

AI EDAM special issue: advances in implemented shape grammars: solutions and applications

This paper introduces the special issue “Advances in Implemented Shape Grammars: Solutions and Applications” and frames the topic of computer implementations of shape grammars, both with a theoretical and an applied focus. This special issue focuses on the current state of the art regarding computer implementations of shape grammars and brings a discussion about how those systems can evolve in the coming years so that they can be used in real life design scenarios. This paper presents a brief state of the art of shape grammars implementation and an overview of the papers included in the current special issue categorized under technical design, interpreters and interface design, and uses cases. The paper ends with a comprehensive outlook into the future of shape grammars implementations.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio